SECTION BENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.In the Ga

In the early 1450s cultural change in Europe fueled a growing

need for the rapid and cheap production of written documents.

Before this time, scribal monks hand-copied sacred texts for

centuries. But for the secular world began to develop and 【M1】______

distribute new forms of sacred texts, the scribes could not keep up

the demand. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith and businessman 【M2】______

from southern Germany, foresees the profit-making potential for a 【M3】______

printing press that used movable metal type, and borrowed money

to develop that we know now as the modern printing press. He 【M4】______

developed his press by combing features of existed technologies: 【M5】______

textile, papermaking and wine presses.

Perhaps his most significant innovation, therefore, was the 【M6】______

efficient molding and casting of movable metal type. Gutenberg

designed a Latin print Bible which became his most famous

work. Despite of the dramatic success of his printing press, 【M7】______

Gutenberg managed to default on a loan and lost his whole printing

establishment. His techniques were made publicly and his creditor 【M8】______

won the rights to the proceeds from the Gutenberg Bibles.

In 1476, William Caxton set up England's first printing

press. Caxton had been a prolific translator and found the printing

press to be a marvelousway to expand his mission of promoting

unpopular literature, the innovation of the printing press ultimately 【M9】______

influenced art, literature, philosophy and politics. Today,

print is thought of as one of the markers of key historical shifts in 【M10】______

communication, creating a social and intellectual transform.

【M1】

When a human infant is born into any community in any part

of the world it has two things in common with any infant, pro- 【M1】______

vided neither of them have been damaged in any way either be- 【M2】______

fore or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, newborn chil-

dren are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to

pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is noth- 【M3】______

ing the newborn child can do to ensure his own survival. With-

out care from some other human being or beings, be it mother,

grandmother, or human group, a child is very unlikely to sur-

vive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked contrast

with the capacity of many newborn animals to get on their feet 【M4】______

within minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few

hours. Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes 【M5】______

for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human

infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 【M6】______

It is during this very long period in which the human infant

is totally dependent on the others that it reveals the second fea- 【M7】______

ture which it shares with all other undamaged human infants, a

capacity to learn language. For this reason, biologists now sug-

gest that language be "species-specific" to the human race, that is 【M8】______

to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed 【M9】______

in such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies 【M10】______

that just as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally

and in colour, and just its they arc designed to stand upright

rather than to move on all fours, so they arc designed to learn

and use language as part of their normal development as well-

formed human beings.

【M1】

should carry out psychological education. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion .9 Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic. PSYCHOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organisation, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

a comment of about 400 words on the advantage of rooming together.

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

Begun in the late 1960s by Pentagon weapons researchers as a system for easing

communication between computers in disparate electric networks,

the Internet has evolved 【M1】______

into a popular vehicle for scientific research, communication, entertainment, and more. It

links together thousands of computer networks such as

those belonging to corporations, 【M2】______

commercial services, universities, and research centers, joining them as branches on a tree

to larger networks known as backbones. Once a computer is on-line, that is, connected by

modem or networking equipment of the Internet,

the user can search through data banks 【M3】______

for documents, chat with other computer users,

or instant send opinions and observations 【M4】______

to the likes of President Bill Clinton, film critic Roger Ebert, or rocker Billy Idol (just to name

a few). No central governing body runs the Internet,

and nobody has an exact census of 【M5】______

users. But estimates of the number already range from around 10 million to as high as 5

million. Well over 10,000 separated computer networks

are connected by the Internet, and 【M6】______

total traffic was expected to double during 1993. Today, the Internet is free resources and

commercial services that provide databases and computer files with a fee.

Publishers are 【M7】______

seeking to make books and periodicals available on the Internet as a profit-making adventure.

Meanwhile, works in the public domain have begun appearing on the Internet for【M8】______

users to "upload" to their computers virtually free of charge.

With electronic access to data 【M9】______

from all over the world, scholarly research that in the past would have required months of

travel could now be done at one' s desk. 【M10】______

【M1】

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

The story involves a shipwreck on the West

coast of Africa. The passengers on the ship

include a certain Lord and Lady Greystoke from

England. Lord and Lady Oreystoke are the only

survivor of the shipwreck. 【M1】______

Lord Greystoke builds a kind of shelter high

up in the trees —a treehouse —for his pregnant

wife and does best to make themselves 【M2】______

comfortable in their new jungle home. Lady

Greystoke gives birth to a boy. They call the boy

John. Unfortunately, she dies and leaves to 【M3】______

Lord Greystoke to take care of the baby on his

own. Lord Greystoke is killed by an enormous

ape that came to investigate the strange house in 【M4】______

the trees. The baby is left all alone.

Unfortunately, a female ape, whose baby has 【M5】______

recently died, finds the human baby alone in the

treehouse. Even though the baby is white and

hairless, but she feels a mother's love for it and 【M6】______

begins to feed and take care of it. She becomes

John's mother. John—who later takes the name

Tarzan, never have known his real identity — 【M7】______

grows strong and powerful living among the

apes. He has the advantage of human

intelligence and eventually grows to be leader of 【M8】______

the apes and, eventually, lord of jungle. 【M9】______

The book tells many stories of Tarzan's

adventures in the jungle, his fights with savage

animals, his encounters with other human beings

(many of whom are dangerous as the animals) 【M10】______

and his re-discovery of his true identity.

【M1】

Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:

Travel

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. Marks will be awarded for organization as well as for syntactic variety and appropriate word choice.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Directions: Translate the following text into English.

惊 醒

那时，我17岁，在一个草原小村打工做苦力。……

日复一日，这种苦真使我对生活绝望了，我不想再干了，就偷懒、哭泣。后来，头儿让我去小村边上的一个仓库看库房。白天黑夜都是我—个人，吃饭时有人送来。我不再出苦力了。白天，我坐靠在墙根晒太阳，晚上就睡在库房里听草原的风声。如果不是小村中出了一个自杀的人，也许我会就这样混着日子了此一生了。

有天早晨，我刚起来，就有人来跟我借大绳，说是捞一个跳井的人。我跟着去看热闹了。人被捞出来了。有人低声告诉我，他是因为太穷，40岁上下还没有娶妻而绝望，寻了短见。

那天夜里，我想着自己的生活，说什么也睡不着。那跳井而死的人总出现在我眼前，心里充满了恐惧和不安。我对自己说：我如果就这样混下去，也许那死去的人就是我的未来的先兆。我思前想后，一夜末眠。第二天，我就早早起来开始跑步了。那个跳井的人的死对我震动极大，使我牢牢地抓住了生活。我跑步一个月后，体力大增，我去看望那些做苦力的同伴时，我令他们刮目相看了。更使他们惊奇的是，我在劳动之余开始挑灯读书，并尝试着写一些小东西了。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

Defining the meaning of "happiness" is a perplexing proposition; the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. He sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves. Why be concerned? What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.