listen to the commercial once again and complete the chart about the old process of starti

Millions of dollars often depend on the choice of which commercial to use in launching a new product. So you show the commercials to a (1)_____ of typical consumers and ask their opinion. The answers you get can sometimes lead you into a big (2)_____. Respondents may lie just to be polite.

Now some companies and major advertising (3)_____ have been hiring voice detectives who test your normal voice and then record you on tape (4)_____ commenting on a product. A computer analyzes the degree and direction of change (5)_____ normal. One kind of divergence of pitch means the subject (6)_____ Another kind means he was really enthusiastic. In a testing of two commercials (7)_____ children, they were, vocally, about equally (8)_____ of both, but the computer reported their emotional (9)_____ in the two was totally different.

Most major commercials are sent for resting-to theaters (10)_____ with various electronic measuring devices. People regarded as (11)_____ are brought in off the street. Viewers can push buttons to (12)_____ whether they are interested or bored.

Newspaper and magazine groups became intensely interested in testing their ads for a product (13)_____ TV ads for the same product. They were interested because the main (14)_____ of evidence shows that people (15)_____ a lot more mental activity when they read (16)_____ when they sit in front of the TV set. TV began to be (17)_____ "a low-involvement" (18)_____. It is contended that low involvement means that there is less (19)_____ that the ad message will be (20)_____.

Notes: commercial广告。pitch音调

A．pack

B．flock

C．multiple

D．bulk

The description of goods in the commercial invoice must correspond with the description in the credit. In all other documents, the goods may be described in general terms not inconsistent with the description of goods in the credit. This rule reflects the international standard banking practices that ascribe different transactional functions to the invoice and to other documents.

  (1)( ) True  (2)( ) False

What does not contribute to the commercial GPS receiver position error ________．

A.Satellite clock

B.Ship's speed

C.Atmospheric/ionospheric propagation

D.Receiver

Commercial Vices

The commercial vices are drugs. The appeals of the commercial vices are so strong and widespread that attempts to prohibit them in western countries have always failed. The evils of these vices are threefold: Those who practice them suffer, the criminals who sell them prosper, and the enforcement organizations are expensive, unsuccessful, and often corrupt.

Drugs is one of the three commercial vices — gambling and prostitution — accepted as unstoppable, but there evils have been minimized by legalization and regulation.

The United States attempted to prohibit alcohol and failed. The Mafia made its money by bootlegging alcohol. The gangsters of the twenties and thirties were in the alcohol business just as the drug peddlers of today are in the drug business. When alcohol prohibition was repealed and sale by licensed dealers was instituted, the Mafia went out of the liquor business and the revenue agents assigned to stop the illegal business went out of business too. The quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxed, revenue not high enough to motivate bootlegging. It became a source of public revenue.

In conclusion, the government should take any law they can't enforce and turn it around in order to make and save money. But they are also making fewer jobs for the police and other law enforcement agencies. I believe that in the end this way of doing things will be more likely feasible.

The Mafia went out of the liquor business,

A．because the quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxed.

B．because the bootlegging became a source of public revenue.

C．because they settled trade disputes with gunfire but without profit.

D．because there was no more revenue worth risking their lives.

Commercial Vices

The commercial vices are gambling, prostitution, and drugs. The appeals of the commercial vices are so strong and widespread that attempts to prohibit them in western democracies have always failed. Even in' totalitarian regimes with unrestricted police and draconian punishments, such as Islamic countries, there is only partial success.

The evils of these vices are threefold: Those who practice them suffer, the criminals who sell them prosper, and the enforcement organizations are expensive, unsuccessful, and often corrupt bureaucracies.

Two commercial vices have been accepted as unstoppable but their evils have been minimized by legalization and regulation. These are the particular drug, alcohol, and gambling.

The United States attempted to prohibit alcohol and failed. The Mafia made its accumulated capital by bootlegging alcohol. The gangsters of the twenties and thirties were in the alcohol business just as the drug peddlers of today are in the drug business. Both settled trade disputes with gunfire. When alcohol prohibition was repealed and sale by licensed dealers was instituted, the Mafia went out of the liquor business and the revenue agents assigned to stop the illegal business went out of business too. The quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxes, not high enough to motivate bootlegging, became a source of public revenue. Consumption of legal alcohol became only slightly greater than the consumption of illegal alcohol had been.

If we follow the alcohol example with all other drugs, the same benefits will obtain. Much more than that, the temptation of "forbidden fruit" will disappear. The jailing of petty drug pushers will stop, together with their training as future serious criminals in the crime schools which are our jails. If we transfer the huge sums wasted on fruitless interdiction efforts and on punishment to serious education and rehabilitation programs, the drug problem will retreat to the trivial level it was fifty years ago.

Gambling is another example of "If you can' t lick ' em, join ' em." At one time all but private gambling at home was illegal. So the Mafia ran the numbers rackets and the secret games and the bookmaking where "law abiding" citizens did their unstoppable gambling. Now governments run lotteries and license and supervise casinos so the gangsters are largely out, cheating is minimal, and governments earn revenue instead of paying police. Here, again, an education program would cost little and do much good.

Prostitution is an even more emotional problem. Addiction to sex is genetic and permanent and deprivation has many penalties. Here, again, legalization and regulation .will immediately eliminate the pimps and gangsters and reduce the police force. With periodic medical examination and licensing of the practitioners, and perhaps of the customers, there will be a radical reduction in the spread of venereal diseases, including AIDS. For those already diseased there can be a matching of buyer and seller by coding their license cards.

A valid objection to legalization (or de-criminalization) of vices is that this very action will encourage their practice by seeming to be an official endorsement. This objection can be finessed by what was done with "Blue Laws" which tried to impose unacceptable "virtues" but which could not be repealed. They were not repealed but merely stopped being enforced.

The enforcement budgets can then be converted to treatment and education to discourage and diminish practice of the vices. Laws providing regulation and licensing can still be passed. Logically they are inconsistent with laws forbidding, but so what? They can be enforced anyway.

Legalization and regulation of commercial vices would bring all the following benefits EXCEPT ______.

A．the police force could be reduced

B．illegal dealers would be forced out of business

C．there would be no more drug dealers

D．the practices might become a source of revenue

Commercial Vices

The commercial vices are gambling, prostitution, and drugs. The appeals of the commercial vices are so strong and widespread that attempts to prohibit them in western democracies have always failed. Even in totalitarian regimes with unrestricted police and draconian punishments, such as Islamic countries, there is only partial success.

The evils of these vices are threefold: Those who practice them suffer, the criminals who sell them prosper, and the enforcement organizations are expensive, unsuccessful, and often corrupt bureaucracies.

Two commercial vices have been accepted as unstoppable but their evils have been minimized by legalization and regulation. These are the particular drug, alcohol, and gambling.

The United States attempted to prohibit alcohol and failed. The Mafia made its accumulated capital by bootlegging alcohol. The gangsters of the twenties and thirties were in the alcohol business just as the drug peddlers of today are in the drug business. Both settled trade disputes with gunfire. When alcohol prohibition was repealed and sale by licensed dealers was instituted, the Mafia went out of the liquor business and the revenue agents assigned to stop the illegal business went out of business too. The quality of regulated liquor became assured and taxes, not high enough to motivate bootlegging, became a source of public revenue. Consumption of legal alcohol became only slightly greater than the consumption of illegal alcohol had been.

If we follow the alcohol example with all other drugs, the same benefits will obtain. Much more than that, the temptation of "forbidden fruit" will disappear. The jailing of petty drug pushers will stop, together with their training as future serious criminals in the crime schools which are our jails. If we transfer the huge sums wasted on fruitless interdiction efforts and on punishment to serious education and rehabilitation programs, the drug problem will retreat to the trivial level it was fifty years ago.

Gambling is another example of "If you can't lick’em, join’em." At one time all but private gambling at home was illegal. So the Mafia ran the numbers rackets and the secret games and the bookmaking where "law abiding" citizens did their unstoppable gambling. Now governments run lotteries and license and supervise casinos so the gangsters are largely out, cheating is minimal, and governments earn revenue instead of paying police. Here, again, an education program would cost little and do much good.

Prostitution is an even more emotional problem. Addiction to sex is genetic and permanent and deprivation has many penalties. Here, again, legalization and regulation will immediately eliminate the pimps and gangsters and reduce the police force. With periodic medical examination and licensing of the practitioners, and perhaps of the customers, there will be a radical reduction in the spread of venereal diseases, including AIDS. For those already diseased there can be a matching of buyer and seller by coding their license cards.

A valid objection to legalization (or de-criminalization) of vices is that this very action will encourage their practice by seeming to be an official endorsement. This objection can be finessed by what was done with "Blue Laws" which tried to impose unacceptable "virtues" but which could not be repealed. They were not repealed but merely stopped being enforced.

The enforcement budgets can then be converted to treatment and education to discourage and diminish practice of the vices. Laws providing regulation and licensing can still be passed. Logically they are inconsistent with laws forbidding, but so what? They can be enforced anyway.

Legalization and regulation of commercial vices would bring all of the following benefits EXCEPT that ______.

A．the police force could be reduced

B．illegal dealers would be forced out of business

C．there would be, no more drug dealers

D．the practices might become a source of revenue

Dear Sir or Madam

Through the courtesy of the Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in London , we come to know your name and address. Also we are informed that you are a prospective buyer of Chinese Cotton Piece Goods. As this item falls within the scope of our business activities , we shall be pleased to enter into business relations with you.

We enclose a brochure and a pricelist to acquaint you with our commodities now available for export. Quotations and samples will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.

Your favorable reply will be highly appreciated.

Yours faithfully

Text 2

Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very considerable proportion of the world at large, live. Advertising is indispensable as a means of communicating with others, of telling them about the goods and services that are provided, and of which most of them would never get to hear at all if it were not. for advertising. And advertising is extremely helpful to promote a rising standard of living.

In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of a commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes a host of other activities such as packaging, shop displays and—in the sense of communication—even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the resources of advertising are to be found in the market place.

For many years it was considered that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the manufacture of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is important that we go out and sell what we have, and advertising

plays an important role in this aspect, whether selling at home or in export markets.

About two percent of the UK gross national product is relied on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Certainly, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article when purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously exceedingly unlikely

that the article will sell well.

According to the text advertising is important to______.

[A] every potential consumer in the world

[B] large countries in the world

[C] people with a high standard of living

[D] a large number of people in the world

Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very considerable proportion of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others, of telling them about the goods and services that are offered, and of which most of them would never get to hear at all if it were not for advertising. And advertising helps a great deal to promote a rising standard of living.

In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of a commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes a host of other activities such as packaging, shop displays and --in the sense of communication- even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.

For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.

Approximately 2 percent of the UK gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article when purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously exceedingly unlikely that the article will sell well.

According to the text, advertising is important to ______.

A．every potential consumer in the world

B．large countries in the world

C．people with a high standard of living

D．a large number of people in the world