The first four speakers are known as the lower house in a BP debate, and the next four speakers are the upper house in a debate. _____

To: Tony Jockson

From: Human Resources

Date: July 14, 2009

Subject: Company Box: Seats Available

Dear Mr. Jackson,

Can you tell your crew that several of our major customers; Stormgard Ltd, Unicorn Farming Inc. etc. have had to cancel their visits to Great Britain at the last minute due to pressing financial matters. Therefore, this leaves us with several empty seats for this weekend's football match. Whoever would like to see this International Friendly between the German Professional teams should call Star-mail Personnel as soon as possible. To be fair it's first come first serve and no more than four tickets to any one person.

Yours Truly

Human Resources

Who can get free tickets？

A．People who know Mr. Jackson

B．Employees who speak German

C．Employees from Tony's company

D．Football fans

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child in a critical period of life can be starved and damaged？ Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But, clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most of the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly the right time, but the process is slow and once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear'. And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

Frederick II's experiment was to______.

A．find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching child to speak

B．discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C．prove that children are born with the ability to speak

D．prove that a child be damaged without learning a language

t in Darfur threatens the national security and foreign policy of the United States. The asset freeze is being imposed on four Sudanese identified by the U.N. Security Council as being involved in organizing and carrying out atrocities in Dar- fur. The president's order comes days before rallies are planned in Washington and throughout the United States to [24]protest the three-year war in Darfur. [25]Celebrities such as Academy Award winning actor George Clooney are scheduled to speak at the rally. Clooney, who just returned from a trip to the Darfur region, told reporters in Washington the world's attention needs to be focused on what he called the "first genocide of the 21st century."

Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT？

A．The asset freeze is being imposed on four Sudanese.

B．The conflict in Darfur threatens the national security and foreign policy of the United States.

C．Rallies axe planned in Washington and throughout the US to protest the four-year war in Darfur.

D．George Clooney just returned from a trip to the Darfur region.

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly？ Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it？ Are you afraid to ask someone for a date？

Many people are afraid to assert themselves, Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti, "There's always 'superior' around a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'. There superiors often gain when they chip away at your self-image."

But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer "assertiveness training" courses, AT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more active without hurting other people.

In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But, AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.

Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person 's demand. But, why should you？ AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

As used the first line, the phrase "talk back" means ______.

A．persuade somebody to change his mind

B．answer showing disagreement

C．talk and go back

D．fight bravely

king, reading and writing. They are always related in【C2】______of usage, and speaking is【C3】______by learners as the most desirable skill in face-to-face communication in the globalization era.【C4】______, what is the answer to the following question "What do yon have to do before yon can speak"？ Listen, of course!

Naturally, children begin listening to their parents when they are babies. They are often【C5】______, spoken to and admired【C6】______any response expected. Though nobody knows【C7】______the baby understands the spoken words, the【C8】______continues. Children automatically【C9】______such language over some time, and【C10】______on gradually produce it through【C11】______experience. The production may be incomplete at first, but【C12】______at last. That leads to speaking skill,【C13】______is quite applicable to daily conversation.

In learning English, listening can help improve speaking【C14】______. Although it is the first of all skills, it is neither the【C15】______nor the most meaningless. We need to【C16】______various types of English repeatedly and【C17】______if we want to communicate properly, meaningfully and naturally.

Listening can be a good【C18】______while we do other things like cooking. In【C19】______words, we have no wasted time【C20】______.

【C1】

A．namely

B．name

C．naming

D．named

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Read all the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Passage 1

Language, like food, is a basic human need without which a child in a critical period of life can be starved and damaged. Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be so. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But, clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most of the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man' s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain' s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child' s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child' s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

The purpose of Frederick Ⅱ' s experiment was ______ .

A．to prove that children are born with ability to speak

B．to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C．to find out what role careful nursing would play in reaching child to speak

D．to prove that a child can be damaged without learning a language

ife can be starved and damaged？ Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick H in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which be can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

The purpose of Frederick Ⅱ's experiment was ______.

A．to prove that children are born with the ability to speak

B．to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C．to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak

D．to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children very greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire(能发出的全部声音). This self- imitation leads on to deliberate(有意识的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

By "... challenges explanation"(Para. 1, Line 2)the author means that ______.

A．no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon

B．no explanation has been made up to now

C．it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation

D．it's high time that an explanation was provided

and traffic violations to murder. The Supreme Court has ruled that anyone charged with a crime has certain rights under the law. Do you know what your rights are if you are arrested？ Here are four of them.

First, as soon as the police arrest a person, they must tell him of his right to remain silent. Under the law, he is not required to answer their questions.

Second, the police must tell him of his right to have a lawyer. The state or city government will pay a lawyer to take the case of a suspect who cannot afford one.

Third, the Fifth Amendment(修正案) to the Constitution says that no person has to be a witness against himself. This means that the suspect does not have to speak against himself.

Fourth, a person can not be tried for the same crime twice. If a person has been found innocent, he cannot be arrested again, brought to court, and retried for the same crime.

What does the word "ruled" mean？

A．governed

B．decided

C．guided

D．controlled

ife can be starved and damaged？ Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected , the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

The purpose of the Frederick Ⅱ's experiment was ______.

A．to prove that children are born with the ability to speak

B．to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech

C．to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak

D．to prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language

and traffic violations to murder. The Supreme Court(最高法院) has ruled that anyone charged with a crime has certain rights under the law. Do you know what your rights are if you are arrested？ Here are four of them.

First, as soon as the police arrest a person, they must tell him of his right to remain silent. Under the taw, he is not required to answer their questions.

Second, the police must tell him of his right to have a lawyer. The state or city government will pay a lawyer to take the case of a suspect who cannot afford one.

Third, the Fifth Amendment(修正案) to the Constitution says that no person has to be a wit ness against himself. This means that the suspect does not. have to speak against himself.

Fourth, a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice. ff a person has been found innocent, he cannot be arrested again, brought to court, and retried for the same: crime.

What does the word "ruled" mean？

A．governed

B．guided

C．decided

D．controlled