Le gouvernement promeut, par le biais des assureurs, les mutuelles et, parfois, les entreprises, l’utilisation de différents outils pour prévenir les maladies.

Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing? Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable component of the criminal law? Do you believe the arch criminals deserve another chance to turn over a new leaf? Should capital punishment be abolished (废除的) ?

In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.

The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed.

The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: in Britain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen.

The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.

Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs?

A．Ruth Ellis was shot by her lover, which was regarded as a crime of passion.

B．A man was hanged for the murder he didn't commit.

C．In America, each and every state has abolished death penalty.

D．Not many adults in the U.S. are in favor of capital punishment.

听力原文： I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from e0nerete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.

Nearly all the sports nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise, but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Any one who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior. of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for shore periods—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

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A．People enjoy sport.

B．There are general principles governing sport.

C．Sport makes war less likely.

D．Sport is enjoyed by common people.

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both of these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one ease the experience was direct and impressive; in the other case it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were formed largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teachers in the elementary school are in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose opinion they respect.

Another reason is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude towards Mexicans.

The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social attitudes (with special reference to races and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom-these are a few of the fertile fields for the induction of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cheating or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experience. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples to show ______.

A．the development of attitudes is most important

B．people's behavior. can be shaped by direct or indirect experience

C．conscious instruction is important in shaping people's behavior

D．unpleasant experience leaves a greater impression on people

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance. Another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both of these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive, in the other case it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were formed largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teachers in the elementary school are in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose opinion they respect.

Another reason is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude towards Mexicans.

The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social attitudes (with special reference to races and nationalities) science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom--these are a few of the fertile fields for the induction of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cheating or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples to show ______.

A．the development of attitudes is most important

B．people's behavior. can be shaped by direct or indirect experience

C．conscious instruction is important in shaping people's behavior

D．unpleasant experience leaves a greater impression on people

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance. Another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both of these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive, in the other case it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were formed largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teachers in the elementary school are in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose opinion they respect.

Another reason is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude towards Mexicans.

The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social attitudes (with special reference to races and nationalities) science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom--these are a few of the fertile fields for the induction of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cheating or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences. Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples to show ______.

A．the development of attitudes is most important

B．people's behavior. can be shaped by direct or indirect experience

C．conscious instruction is important in shaping people's behavior

D．unpleasant experience leaves a greater impression on people

Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior. of most people.

"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance: another is the rise of dictators like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive: in the other it was indirect and accumulative. The Nazis were filled largely with the speeches they heard and the books they read.

The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect.

Another reason, it is true that pupils often study somewhat deeply a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

The media which the teacher can develop healthy attitudes are innumerable. Social studies(with special reference to races, beliefs and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom, these are a few of the fertile fields for the education of proper emotional reactions.

However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

To illustrate, first grade pupils' afraid of policemen will properly alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all day trips.

Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her oven attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of the facts.

The author writes this passage primarily in order to show us that______.

A．attitudes affect our actions

B．teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils' attitudes

C．attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

D．by their attitudes teachers affect pupils' attitudes unintentionally