The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to large house "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The creel discipline of the strike and lookout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author says that old family firms ______.
A.were mined by the younger generations
B.failed for lack of individual initiative
C.lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
D.were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers
第1题
A.输液反应
B.感染性休克
C.急性心力衰竭
D.败血症
E.赫斯海默反应
F.过敏性休克G. 脑血管意外
第2题
A.物理降温
B. 药物降温
C. 应补充足够的液体和电解质
D. 利尿
E. 输血F . 可给予胃肠营养G . 粒细胞集落刺激因子
第3题
A.阿莫西林
B. 氯霉素
C. 诺氟沙星
D. 氯喹
E. 林可霉素
第4题
A.系统性红斑狼疮
B. 类风湿关节炎
C. Reiter综合征
D. 风湿热
E. 细菌性关节炎
第5题
A.血常规
B. 尿常规
C. 血清淀粉酶
D. 肝功能
E. 腹部X线片F . 末梢血涂片镜检G . 血培养
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