The passage suggests which of the following about the workers who took temporary jobs duri

, which contain more protein per pound than do current staple food crops such as rice and wheat. Scientists claim that cultivation of these crops could greatly benefit densely populated countries that have low per-person caloric intake and inadequate source of protein. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the claim made above?

A．The average yield per acre of the rediscovered crops is substantially less than that of the current staple food crops.

B．Many important food crops, such as tomato, originated in the New World.

C．Wheat yields more protein per pound than does rice.

D．The rediscovered crops have more caloric per pound than do current, staple food crops.

E．As few as 20 different food crops provide the bulk of the planet"s food supply.

with the department are urged to abide by. The fact that virtually all of the companies have agreed to abide by it indicates that it is successful. Therefore, neither stronger ethics regulations nor enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior. by companies doing business with the department. Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the department head s conclusion?

A．The code of ethics applies only to companies that do business with the department.

B．The code of ethics was instituted only after it was discovered that several companies had committed serious violations of ethics in their business with the department.

C．A government investigation found that most of the companies that agreed to abide by the department" s code of ethics are not complying with it.

D．A survey of major companies found that several companies stopped doing business with the department because they did not want to agree to abide by the code of ethics.

E．A study of codes of ethics for companies found that the codes are most effective when the top executives of companies that agree to abide by them are fully committed to following them.

ear the country of Cardena began shipping mules to Baltias resistance fighters to facilitate transport of weapons across Baltia s mountains to the battle areas. Cardena s diplomats now claim that without Cardenas aid to Baltia s resistance fighters, Partha would not have withdrawn. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the assertion of Cardenas diplomats?

A．No precise figures are available concerning the number of mules shipped to Baltia.

B．During the past year, Cardena shipped weapons and food, as well as mules, to resistance fighters in Baltia.

C．Last year a new government took power in Partha and decided that national interests were not served by the occupation of Baltia.

D．Two years ago Partha had no plans to reduce its forces in Baltia.

E．Resistance fighters in Baltia fought for five years against Partha"s occupying troops.

ed by an example. People think that they know the difference between the meanings of "bald" and "having hair. " Suppose an average person twenty-one years of age has N hairs on his or her head. We say that that person is not bald but has hair. But surely one hair less would make no difference, and a person with N-l hairs on his or her head would be said to have hair. Suppose we kept on, with one hair less each time. The result would be the same. But what would be the difference between someone who had one hair and someone who had none? We call them both bald. Nowhere can we make a distinction between " bald" and "having hair. " Which of the following statements best counters the argument above?

A．The word "bald" can be translated into other languages.

B．A word can have more than one meaning.

C．A word such as "cat" can be applied to several animals that differ in some respects.

D．Words can lack precision without being meaningless.

E．People cannot think clearly without using words.

r proportion of children living with only one natural parent than there was in 19Which of the following, if true, most strongly weakens the inference drawn above?

A．The number of marriages entered into by women twentyfive to thirty-five years old has decreased since 1940.

B．When there is a divorce, children are often given the option of deciding which parent they will live with.

C．Since 1940 the average number of children in a family has remained approximately steady and has not been subject to wide fluctuations.

D．Before 1940 relatively few children whose parents had both died were adopted into single-parent families.

E．The proportion of children who must be raised by one parent because the other has died has decreased since 1940 as a result of medical advances.

those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard peoples intentions as relevant to punishment. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?

A．In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.

B．In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.

C．Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.

D．The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.

E．The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.

seventeen percent of the adults in the United States own jogging shoes, but only forty-five percent of the owners jog more than once a year, and only seventeen percent jog more than once a week. Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the claim that most consumers get little use out of the sports equipment they purchase?

A．Joggers are most susceptible to sports injuries during the first six months in which they jog.

B．Joggers often exaggerate the frequency with which they jog in surveys designed to elicit such information.

C．Many consumers purchase jogging shoes for use in activities other than jogging.

D．Consumers who take up jogging often purchase an athletic shoe that can be used in other sports.

E．Joggers who jog more than once a week are often active participants in other sports as well.

om their drab workroom to a brightly colored workroom. Both these workers and the 50 who remained in the drab workroom increased their productivity, probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in the work of both groups during the study. Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt upon the authors interpretation of the study results given above?

A．The 50 workers moved to the brightly colored room performed precisely the same manufacturing task as the workers who remained in the drab workroom.

B．The drab workroom was designed to provide adequate space for at most 65 workers.

C．The 50 workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom were matched as closely as possible in age and level of training to the 50 workers who remained in the drab workroom.

D．Nearly all the workers in both groups had volunteered to move to the brightly colored workroom.

E．Many of the workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom reported that they liked the drab workroom as well as or better than they liked the brightly colored workroom.

o use the corporate helicopter, whose landing site is 40 feet away from the pond. To solve the problem, the corporation plans to import a large number of herding dogs to keep the geese away from the helicopter. Which of the following, if a realistic possibility, would cast the most serious doubt on the prospects for success of the corporation s plan?

A．The dogs will form. an uncontrollable pack.

B．The dogs will require training to learn to herd the geese.

C．The dogs will frighten away foxes that prey on old and sick geese.

D．It will be necessary to keep the dogs in quarantine for 30 days after importing them.

E．Some of the geese will move to the pond of another corporation in order to avoid being herded by the dogs.

teel. Although the steel thus produced earns more foreign exchange than it costs, that policy is foolish. Country Y s own territory has vast deposits of iron ore, which can be mined with minimal expenditure of foreign exchange. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Country Y s policy of buying scrap iron abroad?

A．The price of scrap iron international markets rose significantly in 1987.

B．Country Y"s foreign-exchange reserves dropped significantly in 1987.

C．There is virtually no difference in quality between steel produced from scrap iron and that produced from iron ore.

D．Scrap iron is now used in the production of roughly half the steel used in the world today, and experts predict that scrap iron will be used even more extensively in the future.

E．Furnaces that process scrap iron can be built and operated in Country Y with substantially less foreign exchange than can furnaces that process iron ore.