Most consumers do not get much use out of the sports equipment they purchase. For example,

om their drab workroom to a brightly colored workroom. Both these workers and the 50 who remained in the drab workroom increased their productivity, probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in the work of both groups during the study. Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt upon the authors interpretation of the study results given above?

A．The 50 workers moved to the brightly colored room performed precisely the same manufacturing task as the workers who remained in the drab workroom.

B．The drab workroom was designed to provide adequate space for at most 65 workers.

C．The 50 workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom were matched as closely as possible in age and level of training to the 50 workers who remained in the drab workroom.

D．Nearly all the workers in both groups had volunteered to move to the brightly colored workroom.

E．Many of the workers who moved to the brightly colored workroom reported that they liked the drab workroom as well as or better than they liked the brightly colored workroom.

o use the corporate helicopter, whose landing site is 40 feet away from the pond. To solve the problem, the corporation plans to import a large number of herding dogs to keep the geese away from the helicopter. Which of the following, if a realistic possibility, would cast the most serious doubt on the prospects for success of the corporation s plan?

A．The dogs will form. an uncontrollable pack.

B．The dogs will require training to learn to herd the geese.

C．The dogs will frighten away foxes that prey on old and sick geese.

D．It will be necessary to keep the dogs in quarantine for 30 days after importing them.

E．Some of the geese will move to the pond of another corporation in order to avoid being herded by the dogs.

teel. Although the steel thus produced earns more foreign exchange than it costs, that policy is foolish. Country Y s own territory has vast deposits of iron ore, which can be mined with minimal expenditure of foreign exchange. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Country Y s policy of buying scrap iron abroad?

A．The price of scrap iron international markets rose significantly in 1987.

B．Country Y"s foreign-exchange reserves dropped significantly in 1987.

C．There is virtually no difference in quality between steel produced from scrap iron and that produced from iron ore.

D．Scrap iron is now used in the production of roughly half the steel used in the world today, and experts predict that scrap iron will be used even more extensively in the future.

E．Furnaces that process scrap iron can be built and operated in Country Y with substantially less foreign exchange than can furnaces that process iron ore.

of Town S are better informed about major world events than are the citizens of Town T. Each of the following, if true, weakens the conclusion above EXCEPT:

A．Town S has a larger population than Town T.

B．Most citizens of Town T work in Town S and buy their newspapers there.

C．The average citizen of Town S spends less time reading newspapers than does the average citizen of Town T.

D．A weekly newspaper restricted to the coverage of local events is published in Town S.

E．The average newsstand price of newspapers sold in Town S is lower than the average price of newspapers sold in Town T.

ersonality. A new study, however, has shown that there is more similarity in personality between identical twins raised together than between non-identical twins raised together. The study concluded that genetics, therefore, does play an important role in determining personality. Which of the following, if found to be true, would cast the most doubt on the studys conclusion?

A．Identical twins raised separately in different adoptive families are usually more similar in personality than are nonidentical twins raised separately in different adoptive families.

B．No matter how twins behave, parents treat identical twins in ways that tend to elicit similar personality traits but do not treat nonidentical twins in such ways.

C．Parents of both identical and nonidentical twins have long claimed that their children, from early infanthood, had definite and well-established personality traits.

D．Birth parents and their identical twin children tend to become more similar to each other in personality over time, but adoptive parents and their identical twin children do not.

E．Neither identical nor nonidentical twins are likely to display drastic changes in their individual personalities as they grow up.

s toward children always signifies acceptance and a second set always signifies rejection, for there is remarkable agreement among investigators about the maternal behaviors designated as indicative of these parental attitudes. The conclusion of the psychologists mentioned above logically depends on the assumption that

A．most maternal behaviors have been interpreted as conveying either acceptance or rejection.

B．the maternal behaviors indicating acceptance or rejection are exhibited by fathers as well.

C．the behaviors of fathers toward children have been studied as carefully as have the behaviors of mothers.

D．acceptance and rejection are the easiest to recognize of all parental behaviors.

E．parental attitudes are best conveyed through behaviors that the parents have consciously agreed on.

ence in criminal trials if the judge and jury can be persuaded that the arresting officer was not aware of violating or did not intend to violate the law while seizing the evidence. This proposed "good-faith exception" would weaken everyones constitutional protection, lead to less careful police practices, and promote lying by law enforcement officers in court. The argument above for maintaining the prohibition against illegally obtained evidence assumes that

A．defendants in criminal cases should enjoy greater protection from the law than other citizens do.

B．law enforcement authorities need to be encouraged to pursue criminals assiduously.

C．the legal system will usually find ways to ensure that real crimes do not go unprosecuted.

D．the prohibition now deters some unlawful searches and seizures.

E．courts should consider the motives of law enforcement officers in deciding whether evidence brought forward by the officers is admissible in a trial.

derate climates. Frost rings do not appear in any of the fossilized deciduous trees that have been found in Antarctica. Hence, it is unlikely that such frosts occurred in Antarctica at the time the fossilized trees lived. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A．There are fossilized nondeciduous trees from Antarctica that bear frost rings.

B．Deciduous trees are more likely to bear frost rings than are other tree varieties.

C．The process of fossilization does not completely obscure frost rings in deciduous trees.

D．Present-day deciduous trees are more sensitive to changes in temperature than were the deciduous trees of ancient Antarctica.

E．Prolonged and unseasonable frosts that might have occurred in Antarctica when the now-fossilized trees were still living did not always produce frost rings in deciduous trees.

tudents were then given a two-day training course in archery technique. The students were tested again and showed a 30 percent increase in accuracy. This result proves that the course was effective in increasing peoples target-shooting accuracy. Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument above?

A．The students were all excellent athletes, and excellent athletes tend to be good at target shooting.

B．The first testing session functioned as a practice session for the second testing session.

C．The accuracy with which people can shoot arrows is strongly related to the sharpness of their vision.

D．A similar group of students who were also tested on archery target shooting but were not given the course did not show an increase in accuracy.

E．Excellence in archery target shooting is an accomplishment achieved by relatively few of the people who take up the sport.

ucks rugged appearance. Yet although, these trucks are tough-looking, they are exempt from the governments car-safety standards that dictate minimum roof strength and minimum resistance to impact. Therefore, if involved in a serious high-impact accident , a driver of one of these trucks is more likely to be injured than is a driver of a car that is subject to these government standards. The argument depends on the assumption that

A．the government has established safety standards for the construction of light utility trucks.

B．people who buy automobiles solely for their appearance are more likely than other people to drive recklessly.

C．light utility trucks are more likely than other kinds of vehicles to be involved in accidents that result in injuries.

D．the trucks" rugged appearance is deceptive in that their engines are not especially powerful.

E．light utility trucks are less likely to meet the car-safety standards than are cars that are subject to the standards.