The two international organizations founded after the two world wars made their contributi

The scientists are trying to find oust if masks may or may not______. A. overuse face masks

B. deal with the mask problem seriously

C. rub their faces and noses in the subway

D. protest against the mask guidelines

E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research

The scientists are trying to find oust if masks may or may not______.

China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap

1 China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing number of patients in need of lifesaving transplants, state media reported on Monday.

2 The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients suffering from leukaemia, thalassaemia and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants, the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 percent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked China's growing childhood leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration.

3 With a tiny pool of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of China's one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Evening News said last weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registered donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland China's 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said.

4 Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donors rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a pool of at 1east 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan, it said.

5 The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped "a handful" of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. "The number of requests is increasing" from mainland China, including direct calls to the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundation's donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundation's 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially, Chin said.

A Urgent Need for Both Donors and Funds

B Shortage of Donors

C Desperate Leukaemia Patients

D Seriousness of the Current Situation

E Shortage of Funds

F Comparison Between Mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan

Paragraph 2 ______

??????50??????

A. But life Oil the Caribbean IslandsiS not always painful.

B. The earliest name used by Europeans is theIndies,later changed to the West Indies.

C. Others are low-lying coral islands thatgradually rose from the ocean.

D. They areCuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.

E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.

F. There are countless small islands to burytre-asure or hide on

48

A. But life Oil the Caribbean IslandsiS not always painful.

B. The earliest name used by Europeans is theIndies,later changed to the West Indies.

C. Others are low-lying coral islands thatgradually rose from the ocean.

D. They areCuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.

E. Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.

F. There are countless small islands to burytre-asure or hide on

Electromagnetic Energy

?? 1. White light seems to be acombination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is notlimited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or anelectric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though youfeel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth andsunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.

?? 2. The sun is 93 millionmiles from the&39;earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electro-magnetic energy travels through space.

?? 3. Many other kinds ofenergy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and ra- darsignals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagneticwaves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy thanwaves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays（红外线） ahd X-rays areelectromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radia- tionis used in cooking fo??od?? and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights arepart of our require- ments for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is usefulin killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energythat they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to de- tect andtreat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, andin medicine to re-veal broken bones.

?? 4. Usually we useelectricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energyis the sum Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls tothe earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operateelectric generators. Other generators are powered?? by coal, but the energystored in coal came from the sun, too.

?? 5. Until recently, thesource of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puz- zle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energylong ago. Experi- ments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory thatmass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory wasproposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical en- ergy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear ene??rgy comes from a change in the nucleus of anatom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions oftimes more energy per pound of fueL Wenow believe that the sun&39;s energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hy-drogen is changed into helium (氦）.

?? 6. Nuclear energy isbeginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate, electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue toseek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.??

Paragraph 3_______??

??Paragraph 4____??

??Paragraph5___??

??Paragraph 6_________??

??Visible light that produce warmth is an example of_____??

??We can use energy from the sun because________??

??The energy stored in coal_______.??

??___________when electron rearrangement takes place??

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Parkinson&39;s Disease

l. Parkinson&39;s diseaseaffects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nervecells in the brain Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemicalcalled dopamine. Do- pamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controlsmovement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson&39;s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longerhave enough dopamine, and you have troubje moving the way you want to.

2. No one knows for sure whatmakes these nerve cells break down_ But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment. Abnormal genes seem to leadto Parkinson&39;s disease in some people But so far, there is not enough proof toshow that it is always inherited

3. Tremor may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the mostcommon signs of the disease,although not everyone has it. More importantly, noteveryone with a tremor has Parkinson&39;s disease.Tremor often starts in just onearm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awakebut not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move thelimb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson&39;s affects muscles all through yourbody, so it can lead to problems like

trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson&39;s may have a fixed or blank expression, troublespeaking, and other problems. Some people also have a de- crease in mentalskills ( dementia).

4. At this time, there is nocure for Parkinson&39;s disease. But there are several types of medicines that cancontrol the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not evenneed treat- ment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribemedicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Yourdoctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need totake several medicines to get the best results.

Paragraph 1________

49

A. Recently,though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.

B.The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.

C. Which smoke is called secondhand smoke.

D. However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.

E. As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.

F. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker

The Mysteries of Nazca

In the desert of Peru, 300kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world hasmystified (迷惑) people for decades. ______ (46) But from high above, these marks arehuge images of birds, fish, seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.

The Nazca lines are sodifficult to see from the ground that they weren&39;t discovered until the 1930s,when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles,circles, and lines.

Researchers have figured outthat the lines are at least l, 500 years old, but their purpose is still amystery.______(47) However, it would probably be very tricky to land aspaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.

In the 1940s, an Americanexplorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings are a chronicle –(记录) of the movement ofthe stars and planets. _____ (48) Later, an astronomer tested his theo-ry witha computer, but he couldn&39;t find any relation between the lines and movementsin space.

Another explanation is thatthe lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher TonyMorrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountainand learned that they some-times pray by the side of the road. It&39;s possiblethat in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similarpurpose.____(49) But the local people have never constructed anything this big.

Recently, two otherscientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that lines couldhave been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world andreceives only 50px of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancientwater sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built ancient peoplewere connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are agiant map of the underground water in the area. ____ (50)

46

A. Other scientists are nowsearching for evidence to prove this.

B. A Swiss writer namedErich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing placefor UFOs.

C. Scholars differ ininterpreting the purpose of the designs.

D. The largest pictures mayhave been the sites for special ceremomes.

E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.

47

A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.

B.A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs

C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs

D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremomes

E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth

F.He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world"

48

A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this

B. A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs

C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.

D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremomes

E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth

F.He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world"

49

A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this

B.A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs

C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs

D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremomes

E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth

F.He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world"

50

A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this

B.A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs

C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs

D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremomes

E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth

F.He called Nazca "the largest astronomy book in the world"

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化症 )

1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient&39;s immune (免疫的 ) systemattacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical andmental symptoms, as the disease af-fects the transmission of electrical signalsbetween the body and the brain. However, the human body,being a flexible,adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MScan look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

2. MS patients can have oneof two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form. (复发型) and the primaryprogressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series ofjumps; at times it is in remission (减轻) . which means that a person&39;s normal functionsreturn for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the diseaseagain becomes more active. This is the most common form. of MS; 80～90% of people havethis form. of the disease when they are first diagnosed.The relapse-remissioncycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical andcognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become lessfrequent.

3. In the primaryprogressive form. of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady lossof physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about10～15 % of sufferers at di-agnosis.

4. The expected course ofthe disease, or prognosis (预后), depends on many variables: the sub-type of the disease, the patient&39;sindividual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy ofpatients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffectedperson-provided that a reasona-ble standard of care is received. In some casesa near-normal life span is possible.

5. The cause of the diseaseis unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility (易感性), which is triggeredby some unknown environmental factor. Onset (发作)of the disease usually occurs in young adultsbetween the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; howev-er,it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

Paragraph 1 _

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and .

An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by

10～15% of MS patients are diagnosed as naVlng___

Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！