The Mysteries of Nazca In the desert of Peru, 300kilometers from Lima, one of the most unu

Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化症 )

1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient&39;s immune (免疫的 ) systemattacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical andmental symptoms, as the disease af-fects the transmission of electrical signalsbetween the body and the brain. However, the human body,being a flexible,adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MScan look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

2. MS patients can have oneof two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form. (复发型) and the primaryprogressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series ofjumps; at times it is in remission (减轻) . which means that a person&39;s normal functionsreturn for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the diseaseagain becomes more active. This is the most common form. of MS; 80～90% of people havethis form. of the disease when they are first diagnosed.The relapse-remissioncycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical andcognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become lessfrequent.

3. In the primaryprogressive form. of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady lossof physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about10～15 % of sufferers at di-agnosis.

4. The expected course ofthe disease, or prognosis (预后), depends on many variables: the sub-type of the disease, the patient&39;sindividual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy ofpatients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffectedperson-provided that a reasona-ble standard of care is received. In some casesa near-normal life span is possible.

5. The cause of the diseaseis unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility (易感性), which is triggeredby some unknown environmental factor. Onset (发作)of the disease usually occurs in young adultsbetween the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; howev-er,it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

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MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and .

An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by

10～15% of MS patients are diagnosed as naVlng___

Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Toads are Arthritis and in Pain

Arthritis c关节炎) is an illness thatcan cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem inthe north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs andbackbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are morelikely to be larger and to have longer legs. (46)

The large yellow toads,native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-easternAustralian state of Queenslandin 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from de-stroyingsugarcane crops. Now up t0 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in thecountry, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up t0 60 kma year. The toads can now be found across more than one million squarekilometers. (47) A Venezuelanpoison virus was tried tin the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was foundto also kill native frog species.

The toads have severelyaffected ecosystems inAustralia.Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from theirpoison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth._ (48)

A co-author of the newstudy, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney,says that lit-tle attention has been given to the problems that toads face.Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queenslandand the Northern Territoryand found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active,sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.

According to the results ofthe study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. (49) But speed and strength come at aprice-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to con-stant pressure placed onthem.

Inlaboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping,arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃). _ (50) These toads are so programmedto move~ apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and asfar as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.

46

47

48

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The Story of Lani

?? Five-year-old Lani stilltakes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning. "She&39;s very goodabout it "says her father David. Lani is alive today because of her fatherDavid,in more than one way; when she was one year old she received part of herfather&39;s liver in a liver-transplant operation. Lani was born with a liverillness.___________(46) Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live.

?? The operation lasted 12 hoursand needed two?? teams,one for the father and one for the daughter. _ (47)In these cases, the donor&39;sliver grows to normal size in about eight weeks. And the child&39;s liver becomessmaller.

?? Lani spent three weeks inhospital a??fter the operation. Because the receiver&39;s body tries to reject thenew organ,the patient has to be given special drugs. ____________48) AlthoughDavid left hospital after IO days, he didn&39;t return to work until after threemonths. In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through thestomach wall,which is strong and full of muscle. It therefore takes a long timeto recover after this operation._________these liver-transplant operations havebeen carried out in Britaim.___________(49) So far, only 16 0f (50)Doctors say, "If possible,we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a parent. "

?? Lani still has to look afterher health,and she gets more tired than oth??er children of the same age, butdoctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger.??

46

A. She had one operation whenshe was six weeks old,which was not successful.

B. While these drugs aregiven,it is important that the patient does not catch any illness,not even acold.

C. In this operation a pieceof liver, weigh??ing about 250一300 grams, wasremoved from the father and transplanted into the daughter.

D. David quickly recoveredfrom the operation.??

E. However, they are morecommon in ??North America andJapan.??

F.David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year??????

47

A. She had one operation whenshe was six weeks old,which was not successful.

B. While these drugs aregiven,it is important that the patient does not catch any illness,not even acold.

C. In this operation a pieceof liver, weighing about 250一300 grams, wasremoved from the father and transplanted into the daughter.

D. David quickly recoveredfrom the operation.

E. However, they are morecommon in North America andJapan.

F.David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year

48

A. She had one operation whenshe was six weeks old,which was not successful.

B. While these drugs aregiven,it is important that the patient does not catch any illness,not even acold.

C. In this operation a pieceof liver, weighing about 250一300 grams, wasremoved from the father and transplanted into the daughter.

D. David quickly recoveredfrom the operation.

E. However, they are morecommon in North America andJapan.

F.David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year

49

A. She had one operation whenshe was six weeks old,which was not successful.

B. While these drugs aregiven,it is important that the patient does not catch any illness,not even acold.

C. In this operation a pieceof liver, weighing about 250一300 grams, wasremoved from the father and transplanted into the daughter.

D. David quickly recoveredfrom the operation.

E. However, they are morecommon in North America andJapan.

F.David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year

50

A. She had one operation whenshe was six weeks old,which was not successful.

B. While these drugs aregiven,it is important that the patient does not catch any illness,not even acold.

C. In this operation a pieceof liver, weighing about 250一300 grams, wasremoved from the father and transplanted into the daughter.

D. David quickly recoveredfrom the operation.

E. However, they are morecommon in North America andJapan.

F.David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Owls and Larks（猫头鹰与云雀）

1. In this article, we lookat the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight of morehours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep forthe brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day andassociate these with previously learned things. If this process is interruptedby, say. the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if yoursleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is thatit&39;s difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your bodyactually needs on that particular occasion.

2. The popular belief thatpeople are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The rea- sonwhy people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, andpersonality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become sothrough habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can havedifficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they natu-rally haveproblems getting up the following morning.

3. The main reason why owlsare owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or com-puter game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of thenight when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can makebetter use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet atthe time whentheir brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning an owl&39;s or alark&39;s lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply beingone or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play andsleeping enough to bring maximum&39; refreshment is probably th~ secret.

4. As for naps,experts oninsomnia (失眠) argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If yournap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability tofall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in eveninghours. However, if you are hav- ing problems getting to sleep at night, it&39;snot only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁) ,do mentally intense activities like preparingfor exams or doing ex- ercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinkingcoffee never stops them from sleeping like a log,whereas others will never gonear the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice formost is to.avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap,remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.

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Organic food: Why?

1. Europeis now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organicfood for some people? The really important. thing is that organic sounds more"natural". Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural,good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.

2. Unlike conventionalfarming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made,fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种)improve soil qualityand help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As amethod of food produc- tion, organic is, however, inefficient in its use oflabour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced.Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tinycom- pared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted(排放)by transportingfood.

3. Organic farming is oftenclaimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farmingworldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK FoodStandards Agen- cy found that there was no statistically significant differencebetween organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there wasevidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differenceswould have any noticeable effect on health.

4. The simplistic claimthat organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likelyto be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of differentfoods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the foodis cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and raincrops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less todo with whether it was fertilised with manure(粪便) or something out of a plastic sack than with thevariety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5. The notion that organic food is saferthan "normal" food is also contradicted by the fact that many of ourmost common food are full of natural toxins(毒素). As one research expert says : "People thinkthat the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simplynot the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant isto its&39;natural state, the more likely it is that will poison you. Naturally,many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developingagriculture and breeding out harmful traits from, crops. "

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Techniques of organic farming help

There is no convincing evidence to

The weather conditions during the growth of crops

The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

The Meaning of Dreams

1. Dreams play an importantrole in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted,we can come tounderstand ourselves better. Here,we look at four common dreams and what theypotentially symbol-ize.

2. I can see their laughing faces ... laughing at me. But they aren &39;t as smart. If they were , they &39;d be up here flying with me ! This dream has both positive and negativeconnotations（涵义）. On the pos- itive side,the dream may express a strong desire to traveland get away from everyday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerfuldesire to achieve. On the other hand,this dream can mean the person has aproblem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream couldrepresent an inferior-ity complex(白卑情结),which the dreamer attempts to escape from byputting themselves up above others.

3. I&39;m moving fast now ,butit&39;s still behind me. Doesn&39;t matter how fast I go ,I still can &39;t escape. Although thisis a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力 )like the first one,it can also sug- gest thedreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion.By running hard,the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they canalso stumble or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear evenmore terrifying. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is underpressure in their everyday life.

4. I&39;m sweating and my heartis beating. I&39;m trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is oftenstanding on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower,or on the edgeof a cliff. The overwhelming(强烈的)feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing tostop the person,and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly(地) reaL Fortunately,justbe- fore hitting the ground,the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormousrelief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control andhas a fear of failure or even death.

5. The wind is pushing meand I slip. There&39;s nothing I can do ... nothing I can hold on to. This symbolis associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. Theytry hard to move their arms and legs.but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape,theybecome more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent contextfor this dream is failing

to do something in public,often something which you are normally verygood at,such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing,but it alsoshows a deep-seated phobia（恐惧）of losing a job and a livelihood.

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If a person puts himself up above others in the dream,he may _

If a person dreams of being chased by others,he may _

If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff,he may _

If a person dreams of failing to do something in public,he may _

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Organic food: Why?

1. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more "natural". Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different

from the junk-food-eating masses.

2. Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种)improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food produc-tion, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny com-pared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted(排放)by transporting food.

3. Organic farming ,is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results in-dicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health.

4. The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food &39;is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of rea-sons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure(粪便) or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up .

5. The notion that organic food is safer than "normal" food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common food are full of natural toxins(毒素). As one research expert says:"People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact,it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops. "

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??A.Main reason for the popularity of organic foodB.Description of organic faring C.Factors that affect food health value D.Testing the taste of organic food E.Necessity to remove hidden dangers form. foodF.Research into whether organic food is betteer??

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??A.Main reason for the popularity of organic foodB.Description of organic faring C.Factors that affect food health value D.Testing the taste of organic food E.Necessity to remove hidden dangers form. foodF.Research into whether organic food is betteer??

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A.Main reason for the popularity of organic foodB.Description of organic faring C.Factors that affect food health value D.Testing the taste of organic food E.Necessity to remove hidden dangers form. foodF.Research into whether organic food is betteer

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??A.Main reason for the popularity of organic foodB.Description of organic faring C.Factors that affect food health value D.Testing the taste of organic food E.Necessity to remove hidden dangers form. foodF.Research into whether organic food is betteer??

Techniques of organic farming help _ .

??A.show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B.be specially trained C.improve soil qualityD.poison youE.be eatenF.affect their nutritional content??

There is no convincing evidence to _ .

??A.show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B.be specially trained C.improve soil qualityD.poison youE.be eatenF.affect their nutritional content??

The weather conditions during the growth of crops _ .

??A.show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B.be specially trained C.improve soil qualityD.poison youE.be eatenF.affect their nutritional content??

The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to

??A.show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones B.be specially trained C.improve soil qualityD.poison youE.be eatenF.affect their nutritional content??

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Some Unusual Celebrations

Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Year&39;s Eve celebra-tions. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship,like Valentine&39;s Day. Each country has itsown special holidays, too, often to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks, and govern-ment offices all close on days like these. (46)A few of them are really very strange.

Of course. they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the cele-brations have long traditions. Consider April Fool&39;s Day,for example. No one knows when or why itbegan. Today it is celebrated in many countries-France, England, and Australia,among others. On thisday, people play practical jokes. _(47)The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. Thepeople they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?

Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day,it is traditional for boys to pour water overthe heads of girls. Here is the strangest part : They do it to girls they like.

Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is cel-ebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year,in Jate August, big trucks carry more than 200, 000 pounds of to-matoes into this little town. (48)For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at eachother. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.

August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair,an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. Peoplefrom the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. (49)

There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one per-son gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public SleepingDay? That one is on February 28 It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one onFebruary (50)

Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do,then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day

??46

??A.Some of the days people celebrate, however,are less serious

B.That is supposed to be Toothache Day

C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays

D.Then begins the world&39;s biggest food fight

E.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh

F.They bring him back to town,put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days ????

47

A.Some of the days people celebrate, however,are less serious

B.That is supposed to be Toothache Day

C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays

D.Then begins the world&39;s biggest food fight

E.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh

F.They bring him back to town,put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days

48

A.Some of the days people celebrate, however,are less serious

B.That is supposed to be Toothache Day

C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays

D.Then begins the world&39;s biggest food fight

E.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh

F.They bring him back to town,put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days

49

A.Some of the days people celebrate, however,are less serious

B.That is supposed to be Toothache Day

C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays

D.Then begins the world&39;s biggest food fight

E.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh

F.They bring him back to town,put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days

50

A.Some of the days people celebrate, however,are less serious

B.That is supposed to be Toothache Day

C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays

D.Then begins the world&39;s biggest food fight

E.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh

F.They bring him back to town,put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！