In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Duality of Science: Its Pos

like invisible wails【52】define our personal space. The amount of space changes【53】on the interpersonal relationship. For example, we are usually more comfortable standing closer to family members than to【54】. Personality【55】determines the size of this space. Introverts often prefer to interact with others at a greater distance than【56】.

Cultural styles are important too. A Japanese【57】and employee usually stand farther apart while talking than their American counterparts. Latin Americans and Arabs tend to【58】closer together than Americans when talking.

For Americans,【59】in social conversation is about an arm's length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated【60】greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying "Excuse me," or "Pardon me" for the slightest accidental touching of another person reveals an American attitude about personal space. Thus when a person's "space" is intruded【61】by someone, he or【62】may feel【63】and react defensively. In cultures【64】close physical contact is acceptable and desirable, Americans may be Perceived【65】cold and distant.

Culture does not always【66】the messages that our body movements【67】Contexts, personalities, and relationships also influence them. Therefore, no two people in any one society have the same nonverbal behavior. However, like verbal language,【68】communication cannot be completely separated【69】culture.【70】we emphasize differences or similarities, the "silent language" is much louder than it first appears.

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oming of Globalization".

p speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in n/any fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that nuclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless tree that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance——making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.

d if I could discover a single new fact and add a brick to the bright temple of human knowledge. The conviction was noble enough; the metaphor was simply silly. Yet that metaphor still governs the attitude of many scientists toward their subject.

72.In the conventional model of scientific "progress ", we begin in superstitious ignorance and move toward final truth by the successive accumulation of facts. In this smug perspective, the history of science contains little more than anecdotal interest--for it can only chronicle past errors and credit the bricklayers for discerning glimpses of final truth. It is as transparent a.s an old-fashioned melodrama: truth (as we perceive it today) is the only arbiter and the world of past scientists is divided into good guys who were right and bad guys who were wrong.

73. Historians of science have utterly discredited this model during the past decade. Science is not a heartless pursuit of objective information. It is a creative activity, its geniuses acting more as artists than as information processors. Changes in theory are not simply the derivative results of new discoveries but the work of creative imagination influenced by contemporary social and political forces. We should not judge the past through anachronistic spectacles of our own convictions--designating as heroes the scientists whom we judge to be right by criteria that had nothing to do with their own concerns. We are simply foolish if we call Anaximander (sixth century B. C.) an evolutionist because, in advocating a primary role for water among the four elements, he held that life first inhabited the sea; yet most textbooks so credit him.

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上专家们的意见异乎寻常地统一。他们纷纷警告说，如果在今后两年内，禽流感病毒通过变异能够在人与人之间传播，人类将会遭受一场前所未有的大灾难。

社会之间的关系是社会语言学研究的主要内容。语言又是一种人类的心智活动，人是怎样习得母语的，语言信息是如何在人的头脑中被加工、被记忆的，对诸如此类问题的研究构成了心理语言学这一分支。语言学的研究与发展又和语言教学，尤其是外语教学有着密切的关系，语言学理论及研究成果在语言教学中的运用是应用语言学的重要内容。

an impact on Earth by small and large objects such as asteroids and comets. 【101】If a car approached as you crossed the street, would you rush ahead, return to the sidewalk, or stand in front of it and wait for the collision? Are we going to wait for an impact from space, or are we going to take steps to avoid such a disaster? If the future of Earth is to involve the future of society, we should not wait.

【102】Most people do not like too much change, nor do they like to consider altering natural processes. While society has gradually shown a willingness to manipulate human biology to prevent disease, most people are reluctant to consider the possibilities offered by the controversial subject of cloning. 【103】In a similar vein, society seems to believe that it must accept earthquakes as natural and unavoidable, but there are already methods under consideration to avoid as natural phenomena are to deal with, society must not maintain a parochial attitude toward preventing catastrophes that science may help avoid. Now is the time to change our world, to realize that while bad things can and do happen, we may be able to prevent them or at least ameliorate their effects without harming society or our environment. The threat of an impact from space has been considered, and methods to deal with this threat are being discussed. 【104】At the same time, we need to be aware that venturing into space may provide the ultimate answer to whether into space may provide the ultimate answer to whether or not humans can survive another threat, the evolution of our sun. I hope that we are able to develop a willingness to consider new approaches to our environmental and biological problems.

Clearly, science and society are intricately entwined, and as one progresses, so does the other. Pure science, the search for knowledge without knowing where it will lead, is part and parcel of what will make the world a better place for all mankind. The more we learn, the more questions we can ask and the more answers we can obtain. 【105】But as society struggles to find answers to its problems, it would do well to remember that science has touched upon and improved almost every aspect of our lives.We must therefore conquer our fears so that we can continue to progress on all fronts, and explore space as a new frontier that belongs to all of us.

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from malignant melanoma and severely depressed. But after he spent six months sharing stories and good times with other cancer【51】and learning relaxation techniques, his mood had improves considerably and【52】had his condition.【53】his attitude brightened, an important change took【54】inside his body: an increase in the activity of his "natural killer cells," a crucial link in the immune【55】. By year's end, though he still had cancer, Donald was able to dance for his group.

【56】role, if any, does emotions play in【57】or curing illness? The question is older【58】western medicine, but it has been given new importance by modern science's discovery of innovative【59】to measure the mind's impact【60】the body's health. Scientists are studying whether, and to what【61】, disease can be affected by the use of【62】mind-body techniques as meditation, yoga, group therapy, guided imagery (visualizing the desired effect)【63】relaxation. There is little question that we can alter the course of disease【64】manipulating psychological factors.【65】to make this knowledge useful to physicians, we need to understand the mechanisms. When researchers can pin【66】the appropriate clinical uses for mind-body therapies, the result will be a revolution in medical【67】.

For many patients, the【68】has already begun. Increasingly, people are using mind-body therapies on their own, even【69】seeking conventional medical treatment. Stories of seemingly miraculous recoveries may grab the public's attention but the real work is being【70】quietly and out of sight. In laboratories around the world, medical researchers are exploring the mind-body connection, separating myth from reality, intuition from fact, belief from science.

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based on the instructions as follows:

1. Describe the picture

2. Point out the symbolic meaning of this picture

3. Point out its implication in life

did not respond when her parents spoke to her, and never react to noises. "She doesn't seem to know what is happening around her," she told the doctor. Without examining Amanda, the doctor assured Edith that her little girl was fine.

But when Amanda was not talking by the time she was two, Edith and her husband became more and more anxious.【1】Finally, Edith took Amanda to an ear, nose and throat specialist, who did an auditory brain-stem response test in which clicking sounds sent through earphones are measured in the brain. This examination showed that Amanda was severely hearing-impaired in both ears. The tragedy was that late detection had delayed her language development and threatened, long-term, to hinder her growth socially.

Hearing impairment is one of the most common birth defects in Asia today.【2】Dr. Andrew Smith, medical officer with the World Health organization's Activities for Prevention of Deafness and Heating Impairment Team in Geneva, Switzerland, estimates that 5.5 million children in Asian-Pacific region are deaf or hearing-impaired. He says that the lack of awareness among parents and some physicians about hearing impairment is a major reason for late detection in children.

Choy Kwee Yuen of Singapore initially did not suspect there was anything wrong with his child. At six month, Choy Jing Xian cooed and gurgled like any other baby. But when Jing Xian was eight months old, Choy became concerned. The infant would sleep through loud noises, including slaps of thunder. His doctor referred the boy to a specialist, who found that Jing Xian had a severe hearing impairment.【3】"All babies up to six months old make vocal noises--it's a natural reflex," says the specialist, "It's hard to distinguish between a three-month-old hearing baby and a three-month-old deaf baby."

He also stresses that even children with moderately severe hearing loss may hear loud sounds or react to hand movements.【4】If a doctor tests a young deaf child's hearing by ringing a bell next to his ear, he may react to the movement of hand rather than the sound. Because hearing problems are often not detected, many children muddle along until hearing screenings are given at school. They don't know they have a problem, and their symptoms may be misinterpreted.

【5】Mounting evidence shows that the longer the delay in diagnosing the problem, the more trouble the child has in developing language and social skills.