What is the main reason why the author hates tipping？A.It sets a bad example for other ind

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.

What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?

A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B.He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D.He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?

[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.

[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.

[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?

[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.

[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.

[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.

[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.

[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.

[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?

[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.

[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.

36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.

37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.

38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.

39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.

40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.

42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.

43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.

44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.

45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study (26)that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.

In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers(27)for sex differences the entire human brain.

And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for(28)brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.

Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based(29) , many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.

While the “average” male and “average” female brains were(30)different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small(31)of people had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.

Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning(32) beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,(33)of gender.

“There’s a mountain of evidence(34)the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.

If anything, he said, the study(35) that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”

A) abnormal

B) applied

C) briefly

D) categorizing

E) challenges

F) figure

G) percentage

H) proving

I) regardless

J) searched

K) similarities

L) slightly

M) suggests

N) tastes

O) traditional

upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【题目描述】

What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A.keep a distance from possible dangers。

B.Stop to seek advice from a human being。

C.Trigger its built-in alarm system at once。

D.Do sufficient testing before taking action。

Do sufficient testing before takingaction.

【我的疑问】

I hesitate on B and C, why choose D? the text is said that the robot should wait and trigger alarm to ask the hunmen being how to do?

【题目描述】

What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A.They are aggressive。

B.They are outgoing。

C.They are ignorant。

D.They are ill-bred。

They are ill-bred.

【我的疑问】

can you tell me why can't choose A? thank you very much

interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam maytake priority over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to changeyour grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other options.

Insuch a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair andfavorable consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want toinfluence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail ---otherpoints of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, thesituation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art ofpersuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention itdeserves.

Somepeople, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it asan unwelcome intrusion into their lives or as a manipulation or domination. Incontrast, we believe that persuasion is inevitable---to live is to persuade.Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring ordegrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or prey on our vulnerability.Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to thefeelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdomof the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, an essential part ofeducation is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage andpractice the other.

Beyondits personal importance to us, persuasion is essential to society. The right topersuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system,guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.

 21.What is the main idea of this passage?

  A). We live among competing interests.

  B). When we persuade, we want to influence others.

  C). Persuasion is both good and bad, and it is all around us.

  D). Persuasion is essential to society and is built into the government.

 22.The passage states that some people objectto persuasion because they think it is ____.

      A).dangerous to the Constitution

      B).difficult to do well

      C). never successful

      D). an unwelcome intrusion

23. According to the passage, persuasionmeans to _____.

A).get people to agree with you and do what you want

B).getother people to consider your point of view

C).exercisepower over other people

D).becomea politician

24. What is the main idea of the thirdparagraph?

A).To live is to persuade.

C).We live among competing interests.

D).Persuasion can be ethical or unethical.

25.The author’s purpose in writing thispassage is to _____.

A).tell an interesting story

B).persuade the reader that a point of view is correct.

C).entertain the reader with many interesting examples

D).appealto the reader’s senses

This is not always the case, however, at times, art may beseen to have purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have amedicinal as well as an artistic purpose.

   According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental orphysical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with thesupernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract thisevil contact, the sick person or one of his relatives will attract a powerfulsupernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2to 9days, the“singer” will produce a sand painting on the floor of the Navaho house. On thelast day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the“singer” will rub the sick parts of the patient’s body with sand from aspecific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the powerof that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After theceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power willnot harm anyone.

Theart of sand painting is handed down from old “singers” to their students. Thematerials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red,yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground into powder by being crushedbetween two stones much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer” holds asmall amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb andforefinger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand andgreat patience, he is thus able to create designs of people, snakes and othercreatures that have power in the Navaho belief system.

26. The word “decorative” in Paragraph 1most probably refers to ___.

A).functional

B).medicinal

C).artistic

D).pure

27.According to the Navaho traditions,one is ill because he has met with _____.

A).something with supernatural powers

B).a dead goat

C).any animal

D).too many dead people

28. How can a sick person recover fromhis illness according to the passage?

A).He must avoid the evil contact.

B).He needs help from another powerful supernatural being.

C).He must draw a sand painting.

D).He must sing at a ceremony.

29. The reason for the sand painting tobe destroyed after the ceremony is _____.

A).not to allow others to use it freely

B).to harm the patient

C).not to harm others

D).to protect the patient

30.Which of the following is TRUE of the designs of people, snakes and othercreatures created by the “singer” ?

A).They are sand paintings.

B).They have healing powers.

C).They attract supernatural beings.

D).All of the above

1. My family _______on my father’s unemployment benefitafter he lost his job.

    A). got across  B). got about  C). got by   D). got at

2. Given thechance to show his ability, he regained ________and began to   

 succeed in school.

A). confidence  B). resource  C). source  D). Responsibility

3. It is sodifficult to ________ the bottom of the ocean because some parts are                           very deep.

A). transmit B). explore C). acquire D). inherit

4. Some peoplebelieve that the earth can _______enough food to support at least twice itspresent population.

 A). emerge  B). assume C). pose   D). yield

5. Every one of you has made a contribution andI_________ acknowledge what each of you has done to make this academicconvention such a success.

 A). take pleasure in    B).make pleasure in  

 C). take pleasure on   D). make pleasure on 

6. We have been practicing for so long and so hard thatour team should _____ ____winning the game

 A). catch on  B). catch  C). stand a chanceof   D) stand a chance

7. Research on genes will _______exciting new medicaltreatments.

 A). close the door to B). open the door to  

 C). shut the door to    D). knock at the door to

8. Yellow flowers in the field always __________ me_______ my childhood in the countryside.

 A). remind.......at B). remind.......in  C). remind.......on    D). remind.......of

9. A bee that has found honey is able to ______ toother bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.

 A). translate   B). transmit C). transport D). transparent

10. Sam ________the gift of imagination from his family,but he lacked the driving power to take action.

 A). inherited  B). posed  C). enriched   D). Benefited

11. It is well known that China is a country with richnatural________and a very  bigpopulation.

 A). resources  B). sources  C). passions   D). routines

12. After a(n) __________ physical exam, my doctor saidI was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.

 A). giant  B). available  C).enthusiasm  D). comprehensive

13. There is widespread concern that the risingunemployment may _______a threat to social stability

 A). pledge  B). inherit C). pose  D). pursue

14. We often ________ that when other people do the same things as we do, they dothem for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.

 A). assume B). benefit   C). reap   D). Pledge

15. Many subway riders read books or listen to music inorder to ________their time on the way to work.

   A). get across       B). make the most of   

   C).take the most of   D). Use the most of

16. In order to make sure he would be able to attend themeeting, I called him up two weeks __________.

    A). on advance  B). on time C). in time   D). in advance

17. In order to ____________ the physical exercise, youhave to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.

  A). reap benefits of  B). reap benefits from 

  C). reap benefit to    D). reap benefits on

18. Experts say our company is amazing in that saleshave been increasing steadily _________.

  A). at time B). over time  C). in time  D). by time

19. They all tried to talk ________, but I couldn’t hearanything they said.

  A). on advance  B). in once C). in advance  D). all at once

20. It was about 30 seconds before Alex ________ fromthe water; we were quite scared.

   A). emerged B). acquired C). pledged   D). posed