Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by somequestion

s or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.

passage1

Questions are based on the following passage.

What exactly is a lie？ Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？ Or is it somethingmore than that？ For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say“I wish I could help you but I&39;m short of money myself.”n fact, you are not short of moneybut your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don&39;t want to hurt his feelings byreminding him of this. Is this really a lie ？

Professor Jerald Jellison of the Universityof Southern California has made a scientific studyon lying. (76) According to him, women are better liars thana men, particularly when telling a“white lie,”such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to beparticularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to pofit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people&39;s behavior. changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down atthe time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying, “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also, tend to touch certain parts of theface more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slightincrease in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increasedpressures make it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book

Manwatching calls "the mouth cover."(77) He says there are several typical forms of this, such as coveting part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part

of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

According to the passage， a "white lie" seems to be a lie __________ 查看材料

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don"t believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone