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Olympic Torches

Every two years, people around the world wait in anticipation as a torch-beating runner enters the Olympic arena and lights the cauldron(主火炬). The symbolic lighting of the Olympic flame marks the beginning of another historic Olympic Games.

The opening ceremony is the end of a long journey for the Olympic torah. By the time it arrives in the stadium, it has traveled thousands of miles. It may have crossed oceans and deserts and traversed mountains. It may have been carried on planes, trains, bicycles, boats, and even dog sleds. And it will have passed through the hands of thousands of different people around the globe. This article chronicles the history of the Olympic torch, reveals how it is designed to stay lit through even the harshest weather conditions, and follows its path from Olympia, Greece, to the Olympic Games.

History of the Torch

Fire is always held great power for humans. It cooks our food, keeps us warm, and lights our way through the dark.

The ancient Greeks revered the power and fire. In Greek mythology, the god Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to humans. To celebrate the passing of fire from Prometheus to man, the Greeks would hold relay races. Athletes would pass a lit torch to one another until the winner reached the finish line.

The Greeks held their first Olympic Games in 776 B.C. The Games, held every four years at Olympia, honored Zeus and other Greek gods. The Olympics also marked the beginning of a period of peace for the often warring Greeks. At the start of the Games, runners called "heralds of peace" would travel throughout Greece, declaring a "sacred truce(休战) "to all wars between rival city-states. The truce would remain in place for the duration of the games, so that spectators could safely travel to the Olympics.

A constantly burning flame was a regular fixture throughout Greece. It usually graced the alters(祭坛) of the Greek gods. In Olympia, there was an altar dedicated to Hera, goddess of birth and marriage. At the start of the Olympic Games, the Greeks would ignite a cauldron of flames upon Hera's altar. They lit the flame using a hollow disc or mirror called a skaphia, which, much like the modern oval mirror, focused the sun's rays into a single point to light the flame. The flame would burn throughout the Games as a sign of purity, reason, and peace.

The Greeks stopped holding their Olympic Games after about a thousand years, and the torch, relays and lighting of the flame also stopped. The Olympic Games did not reemerge until 1896, when the first modern Games were held in Athens. The torch relay took a bit longer to reemerge.

The Birth of the Modern Torch Relay

The flame was reintroduced to the Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games. A cauldron was lit, but there was no torch relay.

The first Olympic torch relay was at the 1936 Berlin Summer Games. Carl Diem, a German history professor and Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Games inn, educed the relay as a way of reconnecting the modern Olympics with the Games' historical roots. The flame was lit in Olympia, Greece, just as it had been centuries before. Then it was carried to Berlin, Germany, for the start of the Olympics.

The torch relay was not introduced to the Winter Olympics until the 1952 Games. It was lit that year not in Olympia, Greece, but in Norway, which was chosen because it was the birthplace of skiing. But since the 1964 Olympics at Innsbruck, Austria, every Olympic Games—Winter and Summer—has begun with a torch-lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece, followed by a torch relay to the Olympic stadium.

The Lighting of the Olympic Torch

The Olympic torch is lit several months before the start of the actual Games. The flame begins its journey at the site of the original Olympic Games—Olympia, Greece. It is lit,just

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

All of the following are done in the opening ceremony except ______.

A．the lighting of the flame with the Olympic torch

B．the showing of a wonderful display

C．the teams of all nations marching round the track

D．the awarding of medals to the winners and nations

All of the following are done in the opening ceremony except ______.

A．the lighting of the flame with the Olympic torch

B．the showing of a wonderful display

C．the teams of all nations marching round the track

D．the awarding of medals to the winners and nations

All of the following are done in the opening ceremony except______.

A．the lighting of the flame with the Olympic torch

B．the showing of a wonderful display

C．the teams of all nations marching round the track

D．the awarding of medals to the winners and nations

All of the following are done in the opening ceremony except

A．the lighting of the flame with the Olympic torch

B．the showing of a wonderful display

C．the teams of all nations marching round the track

D．the awarding of medals to the winners and nations

The Olympic torch is supposed to be ______ in Athens this month.

A．ignited

B．illuminated

C．sparked

D．inspired

听力原文： The official route of the Olympic torch for next year's games in Beijing has run into a political controversy. The itinerary would take the torch from Taiwan to Chinese territory of Macao and Hong Kong. Taiwan, which China regards as a breakaway province, has rejected that. Plans to bring the Olympic torch to Taiwan were always going to be controversial given the differences between China and Taiwan over the island status. Within an hour of the route being announced, Taiwan's Olympic committee had angrily rejected the arrangements. The chair of the committee issued a statement saying Beijing was trying to incorporate Taiwan into the domestic part of torch relay that belittling the island status.

According to the news, which city is NOT included in the route of Olympic torch？

A．Taiwan.

B．Macao.

C．Hong Kong.

D．Shanghai.

When the torch relay was introduced into the Olympic Games？

A．In the year of 1920.

B．In the year of 1936.

C．In the year of 1956.

D．In the year of 1965.

When the torch relay was introduced into the Olympic Games？

A．In the year of 1920.

B．In the year of 1936.

C．In the year of 1956.

D．In the year of 1965.