弗里德曼的货币数量说认为（)。A．利率是货币需求的重要决定因素B．人们资产选择的原则

Do you believe ______ smoking can cause lung cancer？

A．if

B．that

C．when

D．what

Do you believe ______ smoking can cause lung cancer？

A．if

B．that

C．when

D．what

Do you believe ______ smoking can cause lung cancer？

A．if

B．that

C．when

D．what

A、lung cancer

B、lobar pneumonia 肺炎双球菌等细菌感染引起的呈大叶性分布的肺部急性炎症

C、bronchitis

Statistics regarding cigarette smoking are anything but encouraging.The Federal

Trade Commission recently announced that in 1990 Americans purchased 628.2 billion cigarettes, an appallingly greater number than ever before.The average smoker consumed 11 633 cigarettes, of which 44.8 percent were low-tar cigarettes containing less than 15 milligrams of tar.In 1968 the average tar content was 22 milligrams.

Despite the fact that every cigarette pack has a printed warning from the Surgeon General, those who still smoke are smoking more heavily.Many people have forsworn smoking in fear of lung cancer.The American Cancer Society reports that death rates from lung cancer have escalated, whereas those for other major cancers have leveled off or declined.Last year 111 000 Americans died of lung cancer, while it is estimated that 117 000 will succumb this year.Lung cancer heads the list in killing 35 percent of males who die from cancer.Lung cancer accounts for 17 percent of women’s cancer deaths.An estimated 440 000 deaths from cancer will occur this year, 9000 more than previous year.Lung cancer accounts for two thirds of the increase.Although many cancer patients have survived the disease, the prognosis for lung cancer patients is most disheartening.Ninety-one percent of all diagnosed cases of lung cancer do not survive.

11.From the passage, we can infer that low-tar cigarettes .

A.reduce the dangers of smoking

B.appeal to a majority of smokers

C.cause lung cancer

D.have the Surgeon General’s approval

12.We can infer from the first paragraph that average smokers smoke .

A.less than they did in the past

B.more than they did in the past

C.the same as they did in the past

D.none of the above

13.It is predicted that the number of deaths from lung cancer this year will be .

A.reduced from the number last year

B.the same as the number last year

C.6 000 more than last year

D.111 000

14.The percentage of women’s lung cancer deaths is .

A.equal to that of men’s lung cancer deaths

B.rising annually

C.about half the percentage of men’s cancer deaths

D.an indication that women are not susceptible to lung cancer

15.We may infer from the passage that lung cancer .

A.can be treated effectively

B.is incurable

C.will cause cigarettes to be taken off the market

D.currently has no infallible cure

tment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other type of cancer. A major cause of the disease is(51)known; there is no good evidence that screening is of much help; and treatment fails in about 90 per cent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be(52). This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types Of cancer, research(53)the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some important progress in prevention, screening or treatment.(54), however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved(55), but prevention.

This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can(56)tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by(57)the type of education that already appears to have had a(58)effect on cigarette consumption by white-collar workers, and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar delivered per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries,(59)the US, where, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25～30 per cent of all cancer deaths now involve lung cancer, but also in those where it has become(60)only recently. In China, for example, lung cancer(61)accounts for only about 510 per cent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century(62)the rise in smoking to increase the incidence of lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increases in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century,(63)prompt effective action is taken against the habit--indeed., such increases are already plainly evident in parts of(64).

There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now does; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and, finally,(65)tobacco consumption will also have a substantial impact on many other diseases.

A．hardly

B．never

C．less

D．reliably

Do you believe ______ smoking can cause lung cancer？

A．if

B．that

C．when

D．what

tment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not【21】known; there is no good evidence that screening is much helpful, and treatment【22】in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be【23】. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, research【24】the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment.

【25】, however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for【26】. premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved【27】, but prevention.

This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can【28】tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by【29】on the type of education that already appears to have a【30】effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar【31】per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries,【32】, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become【33】only recently. In China, lung cancer【34】accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century【35】the rise in smoking to increase the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990's or early in the next century,【36】prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the【37】.

There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now【38】; Secondly, it is generally incurable; Thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally,【39】tobacco consumption will also have a substantial【40】on many other diseases.

(21)

A．hardly

B．never

C．less

D．reliably

A．安全利益

B．价值利益

C．秩序利益

D．经济利益