25For a given characteristic in a construction process, the standard deviation associated

24 Activities with zero time duration are referred to as:

A. Critical path activites.

B. Noncritical path activities.

C. Slack time activities.

D. Dummies

E. None of above

23 To calculate the expected value of an outcome:

A. divide the value of each outcome by its probability, then add the results.

B. divide the value of the desired outcome by the value all possible outcomes

C. multiply the value of each outcome by its probability, then add the results

D. use linear regression to assess the expected value of the outcome

E. B and D only

22 The three most common types of project cost estimates are:

A. Order of magnitude, parametric, and budget.

B. Parametric, definitive and top down.

C. Order of magnitude, definitive and bottom up.

D. Order of magnitude, budget and definitive.

E. Analogy, parametric and top down

21 The scope baseline once established and approved, is used:

A. as the basis for making future decisions.

B. to accomplish verification measures.

C. to evaluate potential changes.

D. All of the above.

E. A and C only

20 Project managers that are available to answer questions, provide guidance when need, and generally do not interfere with day-to-day activities have a(n) ______ managerial style.

A. Autocratic

B. Conciliatory

C. Ethical

D. Facilitative

E. Judicial

19 Project management has been proven to be successful because employees get to see the entire effort, from beginning to end, rather than just small pieces. This could be considered an example of: A. Behavioral modification

B. Linking performance to pay

C. Positive job reinforcement

D. Job enrichment

E. All of the above

18 Management reserve is generally intended to be used to:

A. implement additional unbudgeted scope

B. compensate for inaccurate estimates

C. cover major unforeseen catastrophes

D. cover unforeseen problems in the project

E. All of the above

17 In the arrow diagramming method (ADM), _____ do not consume time or resources.

A. Events.

B. Activities

C. Slack elements.

D. B and C only.

E. All of the above

16 Assignable cause or special variation is:

A. is indicated when a point falls outside the control limits.

B. is indicated when a point falls outside the specification limits.

C. is indicated when a run of seven or more points fall above the center line of a standard control chart.

D. is indicated when a run of seven or more points fall below the center line of a standard control chart.

E. A, C, and D

15 Which of the following is most closely associated with pure risk:

A. profit and loss

B. personnel turnover

C. insurance

D. market fluctuations

E. A and D only