社会工作专业对系统理论的应用始于赫恩早期提出的什么概念？（）

In which of the following cost estimating techniques are statistics models used:

A . nonparametric cost estimating

B . parametric cost estimating

C . life cycle cost estimating

D . bottom-up estimating

E . All of the above.

84 In which of the following cost estimating techniques are statistics models used:

A. nonparametric cost estimating

B. parametric cost estimating

C. life cycle cost estimating

D. bottom-up estimating

E. All of the above.

Cost estimating can be best described by which of the following:

A.The process of developing the future trends along with the assessment of probabilities, uncertainties, and inflation that could occur during the project

B.The process of assembling and predicting costs of a project over its life cycle

C.The process of establishing budgets, standards, and a monitoring system by which the investment cost of the project can be measured and managed

D.The process of gathering, accumulating, analyzing, monitoring, reporting, and managing the costs on an on-going basis

87 Which of the following would most likely increase the accuracy of estimating the project cost？ A. Pricing out the work at lower levels in the work breakdown structure.

B. Using historical data.

C. Talking to people who have worked on similar projects.

D. All of the above.

E. A and C only.

169 Which of the following would most likely increase the accuracy of estimating the project cost？ A. Pricing out the work at lower levels in the work breakdown structure.

B. Using historical data.

C. Talking to people who have worked on similar projects.

D. All of the above.

E. A and C only

A . Pricing out the work at lower levels in the work breakdown structure.

B . Using historical data.

C . Talking to people who have worked on similar projects.

D . All of the above.

E . A and C only.

Which of the following will not cause the increase of the cost of health care cost？

A．Compulsory benefits demanded by the government.

B．Health-education program.

C．Increasing number of retirees.

D．Hospital and doctor fees.

Cost management includes:

A . Cost estimating/forecasting.

B . Cost budgeting/cost control.

C . Cost applications.

D . All of the above.

E . A and B only.

Which one of the following repair will cost the least cost？ .

A.Routine docking repair

B.Voyage repair

C.Damage repair

D.Conversion

Which of the following is an element of procurement management:

A inspection

B purchasing

C estimating

D expediting

E A, B and D only