听力原文: Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.
One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The 19th century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices. There reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of 20th century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information, and over whether the reading material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.
26.Why was reading aloud commonplace before the 19th century?
27.What did the development of silent reading during the 19th century indicate?
28.What are educationalists still arguing about?
29.What is the speaker attempting to do?
(33)
A.Silent reading had not been discovered.
B.Few people could read for themselves.
C.People relied on reading for entertainment.
D.There were few places available for private reading.
第1题
当时在公共场所消毒是一种
A.预防性消毒
B.随时消毒
C.终末消毒
D.疫源地消毒
E.以上均不是
第2题
A.终末消毒
B.随时消毒
C.疫源地消毒
D.预防性消毒
E.定期消毒
存在或曾经存在传染源场所消毒是E.
第3题
A.终末消毒
B.随时消毒
C.疫源地消毒
D.预防性消毒
E.定期消毒
存在或曾经存在传染源场所消毒是
第4题
水厂对自来水进行的消毒属于
A.疫源地消毒
B.预防性消毒
C.随时消毒
D.终末消毒
E.生物消毒
第5题
饭店的碗筷每次用后都进行消毒,这是
A.终末消毒
B.疫源地消毒
C.随时消毒
D.预防性消毒
E.化学消毒
第6题
A.预防性消毒
B.疫源地消毒
C.随时消毒
D.终末消毒
E.病例消毒
有传染源存在的疫源地,对其排泄物和分泌物或被污染的物品、场所及时进行消毒以迅速杀灭致病微生物称为
第7题
对霍乱病人排泄物进行的消毒处理属于
A.预防性消毒
B.随时消毒
C.疫区消毒
D.终末消毒
E.疫源地消毒
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