【单选题】British policemen in England and ____are under the responsibility of the Home.

Local government in Britain is the responsibility of elected local authorities, which provide local services under specific powers conferred by Parliament. Government on a local basis can be traced back at least 1,000 years, but this concept of a comprehensive system of councils locally elected to manage various services provided for the benefit of the community was first cooperated into law in the late nineteenth century. The local authorities' major responsibilities nowadays include education, housing, the police, environmental health, personal social services, traffic administration, town and country planning, fire services, libraries and many minor functions.

There are 6 metropolitan local authorities, and Greater London and the remaining 47 "non-metropolitan" authorities, or counties. Each separate authority has power to levy a "rate" (a form. of local property tax) to pay for the work for which it has responsibility. Rates are a local tax paid by the occupiers of non-agricultural land and building in a local authority area as contributions to the cost of local services. The amount paid by the individual depends on the value of the property in relation to the total sum needed by the authority.

Total expenditure by local authorities in England and Wales exceeds ~9,000 million a year. A clear distinction is made between capital expenditure and current expenditure. Capital expenditure (about a quarter of the total) is normally financed by borrowing. Current expenditure is financed from three main sources: local rates, government grants, in the form. of a "rate support" grant, and grants towards the cost of specific serviees; other income, including rents from local authority-owned properties. Housing and education are the two major areas for which local authorities are responsible. Each local authority area is divided into two districts—36 in metropolitan counties, 296 in nonmetropolitan counties. The heavily-populated metropolitan districts (e. g. Birmingham, population 1.1 million) have the resources to undertake provision of services such as education and personal social services which the majority of non-metropolitan districts could not undertake.

County and district councils consist of directly-elected councilors. Broadly speaking, county councils have 60-100 members, metropolitan district councils 50-80 members, non-metropolitan district councils 30-60 members. The councilors elect annually one of their members as chairman. On certain district councils with historical status the chairman is called "mayor" or "Lord Mayor". This has ceremonial significance, but makes no difference to the administrative functions of the area. Councillors are voluntary and unpaid, though they claim an attendance allowance of up to ￡10 a day.

All county councils are elected at four-yearly intervals. The pattern of election to district councils varies. All local elections due in any one year are held on the same day, normally the first Thursday in May. The people entitled to vote at local government elections are those who are residents in the local authority area on the qualifying date, are 18 or over on election day, are British subjects or citizens of the Irish Republic (this will therefore include Commonwealth citizens, e.g. Australians). Candidates for councilors must have British nationality and be over 21, and must either have lived or worked in the area for a year. Most candidates stand as representatives of one of the national political parties (Labour, SDP, Conservatives or Liberal for the most part), a few as members of associations representing some local interests or as independents.

How does the government work out the amount of the "rate" paid by the individuals?

A．It depends on how many properties the individual owns and the amount the authority needs.

B．It is calculated by the value of the property and the total sum needed by the authority.

C．It depends on the annual income of the individual and the value of the property.

D．It is calculated by the annual family income and the total sum needed by the authority.

听力原文： Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long-reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or on a given examination.(Courses are not designed merely for the students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in get ting high grades. Grade-conscious students may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes home work is returned with brief written comments but without a grade.

When research is assigned, the professor expects the students to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. Professors expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library.

Professors will help students who need it, but prefer that their students do not be overly dependent on them. The time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student had problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

(33)

A．For the sake of high grades.

B．For passing given examinations.

C．For the good of gaining knowledge.

D．For the completion of required assignments.

【单选题】Herbal remedies are gaining the respect of the medical profession. Teas, poultices, and rubs, made from various parts of plants have been used for generations by many cultures in the world. Such remedies, however, have been shunned by many medical professionals in the industrial world who have focused instead on chemicals for cures, sometimes re-inventing the wheel. With the more recent interest in the survival of the rainforests, however, there has been increasing attention paid to the plants which serve as remedies for a host of ailments.

A、Herbal remedies are gaining the respect of the medical profession.

B、Teas, poultices, and rubs, made from various parts of plants have been used for generations by many cultures in the world.

C、With the more recent interest in the survival of the rainforests, however, there has been increasing attention paid to the plants which serve as remedies for a host of ailments.

材料：

As with the duties of loading and stowing of the carrier under Hague Rules and national statutes incorporating one or other of those Rules，there is a difference of opinion as to whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party，notably to the consignee．Despite some lower court expressions to the contrary，the more prevalent view is that loading，stowing and discharging are “non-delegable”obligations of the carrier of GOODs by sea.

In consequence，while it may be permissible to transfer the responsibility for paying for loading，stowing and discharging to the shipper or consignee（e．g．by inserting an“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading），this or any other clauses which purport to also transfer the liability for fault or negligence in the conduct of these operations from the carrier to cargo are null and void，because they relieve or lessen the carrier&39;s obligations otherwise than as permitted by the Act．

This position is well-founded，given the fundamental purpose of the Rules and the national statutes of protecting shippers and consignees against the superior bargaining power of carriers．While acceptable in charterparties，which are contracts of private carriage，such clauses are rightly set aside by courts in carriage under bills of lading．

问题：

According to this passage，“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading is ______．

A.not accepted by courts

B.acceptable in courts

C.a non-delegable clause in the bill of lading

D.incorporated in the bill of lading to avoid superior bargaining by the carrier against the receiver

The prevalent view is that ______．A.the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

B.whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party is still in dispute

C.it is not necessary to consider whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

D.the carrier may mot validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

It can be inferred that the author ______ the opinion that the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party．A.supports

B.does not support

C.has not indicated whether he supports or not

D.has no interest in discussing

In the eyes of law，an“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading ______．A.does not transfer the responsibility for paying for loading，stowing and discharging to the shipper or consignee

B.has nothing to do with the responsibility of the carrier

C.relieves or lessens the carrier's obligations otherwise than as permitted by the Act

D.imposes more obligations to the carrier than as permitted by the Act

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

【填空题】Reading A 练习题 Task 1 Complete the words that match the meanings on the right. The first letters are already given.）（答案填写完整单词） 1. s_____ to find out where a product or basic material can be obtaine. 2. e_______ a person given the responsibility to manage the affairs of an organization and the right to make important decisions 3. b_____ a type of product made by a particular company, that has a particular name or design 4. m_______ goods that are being sold 5. r ____ the sale of goods in shops to customers for their own use. 6. h_________ the main building or offices used by a large company or organization 7. p_________ a relationship between two people, organizations or countries working together in one or more projects 8. s____ to provide people with something that they need or want

A person's home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) "【1】home". But in general, and especially for the student, or new wage earners, there are practical【2】of cash and location on achieving that idea.

Cash【3】, in fact, often means that the only way of【4】when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things【5】financially. There are obvious【6】of living at home—personal laundry is usually【7】done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to【8】And there is【9】the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.

One the other hand,【10】depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family--【11】do you like them? Are you prepared to be【12】when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n)【13】, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you【14】finding somewhere else to live?

If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are【15】well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always【16】If you are going to work in a【17】area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies,【18】these should be approached with【19】Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the【20】of the first week's rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.

(1)

A．ideal

B．perfect

C．imaginary

D．satisfactory

A、noteworthy

B、worthy

C、notable

D、well