Part II Gap filling （50 points) Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. On the accomplishment of CSC assignment, employees hone their cultural and _________ literacy.

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．,B．,C )and D．. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

How Do You See Diversity

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was Opt the candidate’s “different” behavior. was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes.

“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”

Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.

Hire Advantage

At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏见) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.

“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate teethes began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to say in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”

Blinded by Gender

Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,” he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.” In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.

“I had a management position open in toy department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. lied I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to he home with her children and not travel.” Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-Intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.

“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation. I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allots them to make an informed decision.” Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.”

Year of the Know-It-All

Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. Fie recalls a major lesson learned f

A．He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.

B．He was slow in answering her questions.

C．His resume didn’t provide the necessary information.

D．His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.

根据以下材料回答 1～20 题：

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is___(1)___to say it anyway. He is that___(2)___bird, a scientist who works independently ___(3)___ any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not ___(4)___ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused Much controversy when it was first suggested.

___(5)___ he, however, might tremble at the ___(6)___of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only ___(7)___that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in___(8)___are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, ___(9)___12-15 points above the ___(10)___value of 100, and have contributed ___(11)___to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the ___(12)___of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, ___(13)___. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, ___(14)___, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been ___(15)___ to social effects, such as a strong tradition of___(16)___ education. The latter was seen as a （an） ___(17)___of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately ___(18)___ . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has ___(19)___ them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this ___(20)___ state of affairs.

第 1 题 请选择(1)处最佳答案（ ）。

A．selected

B．prepared

C．obliged

D．pleased

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Air turbulence can substantially accelerate the appearance of large droplets

triggering rain by presenting a new mechanism, the "sling effect", which

increases collisions of droplets that have become detached from the airflow.

First, vapor condensation in cloud cores produces small droplets resembling one

(5) another in size, which then expand to raindrop size by coalescing under the

effects of air turbulence—a force thought to cause collisions of similar-sized

droplets whose radii exceed a few micrometers. Then, turbulent vortices act as

small centrifuges that spin heavy droplets out, creating concentration

heterogeneities and jets of droplets, both of which increase the mean collision

(10) rate, which in turn accelerates rain initiation.

One can conclude that rain prediction requires a quantitative description of

droplet collision in turbulence, a mechanism which helps meteorologists to

forecast rainfall, but detailed understanding of the phenomenon entails

consideration of such factors as warm and cold fronts stretching over hundreds

(15) of miles, individual clouds perhaps a mile or so across, and even, as the

mechanism illustrates, tiny eddies perhaps a few centimeters or so in size.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A．explain and resolve a controversy among meteorologists

B．present and describe a recently discovered phenomenon

C．suggest and prove a theory on the cause of a phenomenon

D．describe and confirm research findings under question

E．discuss and evaluate the soundness of certain experimental observations

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Air turbulence can substantially accelerate the appearance of large droplets

triggering rain by presenting a new mechanism, the "sling effect", which

increases collisions of droplets that have become detached from the airflow.

Line First, vapor condensation in cloud cores produces small droplets resembling one

(5) another in size, which then expand to raindrop size by coalescing under the

effects of air turbulence—a force thought to cause collisions of similar-sized

droplets whose radii exceed a few micrometers. Then, turbulent vortices act as

small centrifuges that spin heavy droplets out, creating concentration

heterogeneities and jets of droplets, both of which increase the mean collision

(10) rate, which in turn accelerates rain initiation.

One can conclude that rain prediction requires a quantitative description of

droplet collision in turbulence, a mechanism which helps meteorologists to

forecast rainfall, but detailed understanding of the phenomenon entails

consideration of such factors as warm and cold fronts stretching over hundreds

(15) of miles, individual clouds perhaps a mile or so across, and even, as the

mechanism illustrates, tiny eddies perhaps a few centimeters or so in size.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A．explain and resolve a controversy among meteorologists

B．present and describe a recently discovered phenomenon

C．suggest and prove a theory on the cause of a phenomenon

D．describe and confirm research findings under question

E．discuss and evaluate the soundness of certain experimental observations

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Trends toward reform. highlight the international appeal of decentralization,

but the realities of educational and social inequity remain the same or worsen

even when such reforms are put into place, especially in the ways in which

Line educational quality is being defined. A major question remains: if education

(5) continues to be ineffective in achieving greater social good, what role has the

dialectic between global and local to play in the eminent failure of education for

social transformation? All too often the work of sociologists criticizes the

hegemony of the globalizing idea and its relationship to local forms of belief and

practice, while blithely assuming that the indigenous challenge and respond to

(10) the external meta-narrative but retain a fundamental innocence with respect to

that narrative. I argue that instead cultures, nations, and societies utilize the

global theme to further reinforce and create new categories of the exotic and the

other-even within their own borders-to support internally generated and

maintained inequities.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A．build a case for increasing efforts to improve educational quality in indigenous societies

B．advocate an alternative to the explanation that the inequity of indigenous societies has resulted from outside forces

C．explain the failure of educational reforms in increasing the international appeal of decentralization of global authority

D．suggest the type of response to globalization that would help create social equity in indigenous societies

E．argue against the definition of globalization currently advocated by sociologists

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

The "cold fusion" phenomenon may be attributed to experimental errors

mistakenly indicating an excess production of energy. Those theories explaining

cold fusion require revisions in existing theories, and scientific skepticism

Line requires that unless the experimental evidence justifies belief in these miracles,

(5) one must conclude that experimental errors are being misinterpreted as positive

proof of cold fusion's possibility. One would expect half of all careful energy-

balance measurements in cold fusion experiments to indicate excess energy, and

about half to show an energy deficit, because experimental error spreads the

results around the expected outcome. The recent preponderance of results

(10) showing excess energy might indicate something new, but if one is deliberately

searching for excess energy, then one may be able to "optimize" a complicated

system to yield large amounts of apparent excess energy by fooling the

measurement apparatus somehow. Whether a given excess-heat result

represents a physical "miracle" or an experimental error is very difficult to

(15) determine if the amount of excess heat is small or if the fraction of excess power

to total input power is simply too low.

According to the passage, the major reason that the evidence for the cold fusion phenomenon is suspect is

A．no existing theory can explain the evidence produced by cold fusion experiments

B．the excess production of energy associated with certain cold fusion experiments owe primarily to experimental error

C．too many energy-balance measurements have indicated excess energy, instead of evenly distributed experimental error

D．the total input power in cold fusion experiments has been too low to draw solid conclusions about the fraction of excess power

E．scientists too often regard these experiments as proof of "miracles"

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

The "cold fusion" phenomenon may be attributed to experimental errors

mistakenly indicating an excess production of energy. Those theories explaining

cold fusion require revisions in existing theories, and scientific skepticism

Line requires that unless the experimental evidence justifies belief in these miracles,

(5) one must conclude that experimental errors are being misinterpreted as positive

proof of cold fusion's possibility. One would expect half of all careful energy-

balance measurements in cold fusion experiments to indicate excess energy, and

about half to show an energy deficit, because experimental error spreads the

results around the expected outcome. The recent preponderance of results

(10) showing excess energy might indicate something new, but if one is deliberately

searching for excess energy, then one may be able to "optimize" a complicated

system to yield large amounts of apparent excess energy by fooling the

measurement apparatus somehow. Whether a given excess-heat result

represents a physical "miracle" or an experimental error is very difficult to

(15) determine if the amount of excess heat is small or if the fraction of excess power

to total input power is simply too low.

According to the passage, the major reason that the evidence for the cold fusion phenomenon is suspect is

A．no existing theory can explain the evidence produced by cold fusion experiments

B．the excess production of energy associated with certain cold fusion experiments owe primarily to experimental error

C．too many energy-balance measurements have indicated excess energy, instead of evenly distributed experimental error

D．the total input power in cold fusion experiments has been too low to draw solid conclusions about the fraction of excess power

E．scientists too often regard these experiments as proof of "miracles"

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Previously, the sack-like rabbit appendix was thought to serve primarily as

a reservoir for the bacteria involved in hindgut fermentation, a explanation

that failed to account for the absence of an appendix in other animals with

similar digestive systems or for its presence in humans. Microscopic research

(5) revealed that the appendix contains a significant amount of lymphoid tissue,

similar aggregates of which tissue occur in other areas of the gastrointestinal

tract. These are involved, possibly, in the body's ability to recognize foreign

antigens in ingested material, but the evidence is inconclusive, to the extent

that scientists have long discounted the human appendix as a "vestigial" organ.

(10) However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the appendix, far from

being a "vestigial organ", hag a significant function as a part of the body' s

immune system. The appendix achieves its greatest development shortly after

birth, when immune response is first developing, then regresses with age,

when the immune response mediated by the appendix may relate to such

(15) inflammatory conditions as ulcerative colitis, which in adults necessitates the

organ' s surgical removal.

Which of the following hypothetical discoveries, if made, would cast MOST doubt on the most recent conclusions regarding the function of the human appendix?

A．After laboratory experiments, scientists discover evidence to reject the notion hat the human appendix is a "vestigial" organ.

B．Certain animal species which had not previously been given attention are to possess an appendix resembling that of humans.

C．Lymphoid tissue is discovered, after careful study, not to play a role in the recognition of foreign antigens in ingested material.

D．After re-examination of the evidence, ulcerative colitis is discovered to be caused by factors wholly unrelated to the human appendix.

E．It is discovered that in rabbits, hindgut fermentation does not require the presence of an organ acting as reservoir for bacteria.

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Previously, the sack-like rabbit appendix was thought to serve primarily as

a reservoir for the bacteria involved in hindgut fermentation, a explanation

that failed to account for the absence of an appendix in other animals with

similar digestive systems or for its presence in humans. Microscopic research

(5) revealed that the appendix contains a significant amount of lymphoid tissue,

similar aggregates of which tissue occur in other areas of the gastrointestinal

tract. These are involved, possibly, in the body's ability to recognize foreign

antigens in ingested material, but the evidence is inconclusive, to the extent

that scientists have long discounted the human appendix as a "vestigial" organ.

(10) However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the appendix, far from

being a "vestigial organ", hag a significant function as a part of the body' s

immune system. The appendix achieves its greatest development shortly after

birth, when immune response is first developing, then regresses with age,

when the immune response mediated by the appendix may relate to such

(15) inflammatory conditions as ulcerative colitis, which in adults necessitates the

organ' s surgical removal.

Which of the following hypothetical discoveries, if made, would cast MOST doubt on the most recent conclusions regarding the function of the human appendix?

A．After laboratory experiments, scientists discover evidence to reject the notion hat the human appendix is a "vestigial" organ.

B．Certain animal species which had not previously been given attention are to possess an appendix resembling that of humans.

C．Lymphoid tissue is discovered, after careful study, not to play a role in the recognition of foreign antigens in ingested material.

D．After re-examination of the evidence, ulcerative colitis is discovered to be caused by factors wholly unrelated to the human appendix.

E．It is discovered that in rabbits, hindgut fermentation does not require the presence of an organ acting as reservoir for bacteria.

SECTION 3

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Previously, the sack-like rabbit appendix was thought to serve primarily as

a reservoir for the bacteria involved in hindgut fermentation, an explanation

that failed to account for the absence of an appendix in other animals with

Line similar digestive systems or for its presence in humans. Microscopic research

(5) revealed that the appendix contains a significant amount of lymphoid tissue,

similar aggregates of which tissue occur in other areas of the gastrointestinal

tract. These are involved, possibly, in the body's ability to recognize foreign

antigens in ingested material, but the evidence is inconclusive, to the extent

that scientists have long discounted the human appendix as a "vestigial" organ.

(10) However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the appendix, far from

being a "vestigial organ", has a significant function as a part of the body' s

immune system. The appendix achieves its greatest development shortly after

birth, when immune response is first developing, then regresses with age,

when the immune response mediated by the appendix may relate to such

(15) inflammatory conditions as ulcerative colitis, which in adults necessitates the

organ's surgical removal.

Which of the following hypothetical discoveries, if made, would cast MOST doubt on the most recent conclusions regarding the function of the human appendix?

A．After laboratory experiments, scientists discover evidence to reject the notion that the human appendix is a "vestigial" organ.

B．Certain animal species which had not previously been given attention are discovered to possess an appendix resembling that of humans.

C．Lymphoid tissue is discovered, after careful study, not to play a role in the recognition of foreign antigens in ingested material.

D．After re-examination of the evidence, ulcerative colitis is discovered to be caused by factors wholly unrelated to the human appendix.

E．It is discovered that in rabbits, hindgut fermentation does not require the presence of an organ acting as reservoir for bacteria.