Reading for Better Writing （2’×10=20’) Directions:...

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

On Friendship

Few Americans stay put (固定不动的) for a lifetime. We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in different states, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.

For many of us the summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad and they go not only to see new sights but also—in those places where they do not feel too strange—with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend. But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible? Surely in every country people value friendship?

They do. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life. For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.

But as we use the word, "friend" can be applied to a wide range of relationships to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant (心腹朋友). There are real differences among these relations for Americans a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.

As they see it, people known and accepted temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans' homes with little ceremony and often with little personal commitment. They may be parents of the children's friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible landmarks. The atmosphere is relaxed. Most people, old and young, are called by first names.

French friendship

Who, then, is a friend? Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult, "You see," a Frenchman explains, "if I were to say to you in France, 'This is my good friend,' that person would not be as close to me as someone about whom I said only 'This is my friend. ' Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less.

In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that "women can't be friends," but they also admit sometimes that for women "It's a different thing." And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the kind of relationship within a group—men and women who have worked together for a long time, who may be very close, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another—copains—a word that in English becomes "friends" but has more the feeling of "pals" or "buddies". In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends.

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A．It makes Americans cherish friendship very much.

B．It makes Americans change friends from time to time.

C．It makes Americans emotionally independent of each other.

D．It makes Americans care more about family than friends.

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

When you have completed your college education，you will look for a job suited to your training，interests，and ambitions．In most cases．you will visit a potential employer's office and complete an application form. for the position in which you are interested．The employer may then make a decision regarding your ability on the basis of the application form. and a personal interview．

Throughout your lifetime，however，you may find yourself in other job-seeking situations in an attempt to improve your position．As you gain experience，you are likely to become ambitious for better and better jobs．These better jobs often request written letters of application and summaries of your background and experience．Your writing skills may be an important part in obtaining the job you desire．

In any job-seeking situation，there are a number of ways you may use your writing skills：to complete an application form，prepare a resume，write an application letter，or write employment follow-up letters．As an ambitious job-seeker，therefore，you should be able to prepare all the written material that will help you obtain the job you want．

According to the passage，in seeking a job，the students______．

A．will follow their interests and ambition

B．like to visit potential employer's office

C．Eke to visit every employer's office

D．get a job related to your education

Searching for scholarships information on the Internet is a better way than reading award information in scholarship book in the local libraries since the online information is more updated, accurate and reliable.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

In many countries in the process of industrialization, overcrowded cities present a major problem. Poor conditions in these cities, such as lack of housing, inadequate sanitation(卫生) and lack of employment, bring about an increase in poverty, disease and crime.

The over-population of towns is mainly caused by the drift of large numbers of people from the rural areas. These people have become dissatisfied with the traditional life of farming, and have come to the towns hoping for better work and pay.

One possible solution to the problem would be to impose registration on town residents. Only officially registered residents would be allowed to live in the towns and the urban population would thus be limited. In practice, however, registration would be very difficult to enforce(推行); it would cause a great deal of resentment(不满), which would ultimately lead to violence.

The only long-term solution is to make life in the rural areas more attractive, which would encourage people to stay there. This could be achieved by providing encouragement for people to go and work in the villages. Facilities in the rural areas, such as transport, health and education services should be improved. Education should include training in improved methods of farming and other rural industries, so as to develop a more positive attitude towards rural life. The improvement of life in the villages is very important, because the towns themselves cannot be developed without the simultaneous or previous development of the rural area.

What does the word "urban" (Line 2, Para. 3) mean?

A．Of the city.

B．Out of work.

C．In a bad condition.

D．Of enormous size.

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

As more women in the United States move up the professional ladder, more are finding it necessary to make business trips alone. Since this is new for many, some tips(建议) are certainly in order.

If you are married, it is a good idea to encourage your husband and children to learn to cook a few simple meals while you are away. They will be much happier and probably they will enjoy the experience. If you will be eating alone a good meal, choose good restaurants. In the end, they will be much better for your digestion. You may also find it useful to call the restaurant in advance and state that you will be eating alone.

You will probably get better service and almost certainly a better table. Finally, and most importantly, anticipate your travel needs as a businesswoman. This starts with lightweight luggage, which you can easily manage even when fully packed. Take a folding case inside your suitcase; it will come in extremely handy for dirty clothes, as well as for business documents and papers you no longer need on the trip. And make sure you have a briefcase so that you can keep currently required papers separate.

Obviously, experience helps, but you can make things easier on yourself from the first by careful planning, so that right from the start you really can have a good trip!

Who is the author's intended audience?

A．Working women who have no time for cooking.

B．Husbands and children of working women.

C．Working women who must travel on their own.

D．Hotel personnel who must cater to working women.

Task 1

Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.

If there is no difference in general intelligence between boys and girls, what can explain girls' lack of success in science and mathematics?

It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause. Mathematics and science are seen as mainly male subjects, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them up. Interestingly, both boys and girls tend to regard the "male" subjects as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls avoid mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys, nor do they want to do better than boys because they are afraid to appear less ladylike and attractive.

However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have undertaken mathematics courses, there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be worldwide. Biological explanations have been offered for this but there are other explanations too.

Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in nursery school, males are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks: this is essential behavior. for learning how to solve problems later on. Evidence shows that exceptional mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.

Apart from that, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their male students to do better at these subjects than their female students. They even appear to encourage the difference between the sexes, not consciously, but they still do it. Such male-oriented teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. It seems certain, then, that where these subjects are concerned, school widens the difference between boys and girls.

Why do teenage girls avoid mathematics courses?

A．They think mathematics is not interesting.

B．They think mathematics is difficult.

C．They think mathematics is competitive.

D．They think boys will not like it either.

Language-based learning disabilities are problems with age-appropriate reading, spelling, and/or writing. This disorder is not about how smart a person is. Most people diagnosed into learning disabilities have average to【M1】______ superior intelligence. Dyslexia has been used to refer the specific learning【M2】______ problem of reading. The term language-based learning disability, or just learning disabilities, are better because of the relationship between spoken【M3】______ and written language. Many children with reading problems have speaking【M4】______ language problems. The child with dyslexia has trouble almost exclusively with the written word. The child who has dyslexia as part of a larger language learning disability has trouble with both the spoken and the written word. A speech-language pathologist is part of a team consisted of the par-【M5】______ ents/caregivers and educational professionals. The SLP will evaluate spoken and written language for children who have been identified by his teachers【M6】______ and parents as having difficulty. The goals of speech and language treatment for the child with a reading problem target the specific aspects of reading and writing that a student is【M7】______ missing. For example, if the student is able to read words and is unable to【M8】______ understand the details of what has been read, comprehension is addressed. If younger students have difficulty distinguishing the different sounds that make up words, treatment will focus on activities that support growing in this skill【M9】______ area. Individualized programs are always relate to the school work. There-【M10】______ fore, materials for treatment are taken from or are directly related to content from classes.

【M1】