第2题
Twain, Mark, pseudonym(笔名) of Samuel Langhome Clemens ( 1835 - 1910 ), American writer and humorist, whose best work is characterized by broad, often irreverent(不敬的) humor or biting social satire. Twain's writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of hypocrisy and oppression.
Early Years
Born in Florida, Missouri, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port on the Mississippi River, when he was four years old. There he received a public school education. After the death of his father in 1847, Clemens was apprenticed to two Hannibal printers, and in 1851 he began setting type for and contributing sketches to his brother Orion's Hannibal Journal. Subsequently he worked as a printer in Keokuk, Iowa; New York City; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; other cities. Later Clemens was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River until the American Civil War (1861 - 1865) brought an end to travel on the river. In 1861 Clemens served briefly as a volunteer soldier in the Confederate cavalry. Later that year he accompanied his brother to the newly created Nevada Territory, where he tried his hand at silver mining. In 1862 he became a reporter on the Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, Nevada, and in 1863 he began signing his articles with the pseudonym Mark Twain, a Mississippi River phrase meaning "two fathoms deep." After moving to San Francisco, California, in 1864, Twain met American writers Artemus Ward and Bret Harte, who encouraged him in his work. In 1865 Twain reworked a tale he had heard in the California gold fields, and within months the author and the story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," had become national sensations.
Years of Maturity
In 1867 Twain lectured in New York City, and in the same year he visited Europe and Palestine. He wrote of these travels in The Innocents Abroad (1869), a book exaggerating those aspects of European culture that impress American tourists. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. After living briefly in Buffalo, New York, the couple moved to Hartford, Connecticut. Much of Twain's best work was written in the 1870s and 1880s in Hartford or during the summers at Quarry Farm, near Elmira, New York. Roughing It (1872) recounts his early adventures as a miner and journalist; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River; A Tramp Abroad (1880) describes a walking trip through the Black Forest of Germany and the Swiss Alps; The Prince and the Pauper (1882), a children's book, focuses on switched identities in Tudor England; Life on the Mississippi (1883) combines an autobiographical account of his experiences as a river pilot with a visit to the Mississippi nearly two decades after he left it; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) satirizes oppression in feudal England.
About His Masterpiece
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the sequel to Tom Sawyer, is considered Twain's masterpiece. The book is the story of the title character, known as Huck, a boy who flees his father by rafting down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave, Jim. The pair's adventures show Huck (and the reader) the cruelty of which men and women are capable. Another theme of the novel is the conflict between Huck's feelings of friendship with Jim, who is one of the few people he can trust, and his knowledge that he is breaking the laws of the time by he]ping Jim escape. Huckleberry Finn, which is almost entirely narrated from Huck's point of view, is noted for its authentic language and for its deep commitment to freedom. Huck's adventures also provide the reader with a panorama of American life along the Mississippi before the civil War. Twain's skill in capturing the rhythms of that life help make the book one of the masterpiec
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第3题
Twain, Mark, pseudonym(笔名)of Samuel Langhorne Clemens(1835-1910), American writer and humorist, whose best work is characterized by broad, often irreverent(不敬的)humor or biting social satire. Twain's writing is also known for realism of place and language, memorable characters, and hatred of hypocrisy and oppression.
Early Years
Born in Florida, Missouri, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal, Missouri, a port on the Mississippi River, when he was four years old. There he received a public school education. After the death of his father in 1847, Clemens was apprenticed to two Hannibal primers, and in 1851 he began setting type for and contributing sketches to his brother Orion's Hannibal Journal. Subsequently he worked as a printer in Keokuk, Iowa; New York City; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and other cities. Later Clemens was a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River until the American Civil War (1861-1865) brought an end to travel on the river. In 1861 Clemens served briefly as a volunteer soldier in the Confederate cavalry. Later that year he accompanied his brother to the newly created Nevada Territory, where he tried his hand at silver mining. In 1862 he became a reporter on the Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, Nevada, and in 1863 he began signing his articles with the pseudonym Mark Twain, a Mississippi River phrase meaning "two fathoms deep." After moving to San Francisco, California, in 1864, Twain met American writers Artemus Ward and Bret Harte, who encouraged him in his work. In 1865 Twain reworked a tale he had heard in the California gold fields, and within months the author and the story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," had become national sensations.
Years of Maturity
In 1867 Twain lectured in New York City, and in the same year he visited Europe and Palestine. He wrote of these travels in The Innocents Abroad (1869), a book exaggerating those aspects of European culture that impress American tourists. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. After living briefly in Buffalo, New York, the couple moved to Hartford, Connecticut. Much of Twain's best work was written in the 1870s and 1880s in Hartford or during the summers at Quarry Farm, near Elmira, New York. Roughing It (1872) recounts his early adventures as a miner and journalist; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) celebrates boyhood in a town on the Mississippi River; A Tramp Abroad (1880) describes a walking trip through the Black Forest of Germany and the Swiss Alps; The Prince and the Pauper (1882), a children's book, focuses on switched identities in Tudor England; Life on the Mississippi (1883) combines an autobiographical account of his experiences as a river pilot with a visit to the Mississippi nearly two decades after he left it; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) satirizes oppression in feudal England.
About His Masterpiece
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the sequel to Tom Sawyer, is considered Twain's masterpiece. The book is the story of the title character, known as Huck, a boy who flees his father by rafting down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave, Jim. The pails adventures show Huck(and the reader)the cruelty of which men and women are capable. Another theme of the novel is the conflict between Huck's feelings of friendship with Jim, who is one of the few people he can trust, and his knowledge that be is breaking the laws of the time by helping Jim escape. Huckleberry Finn, which is al most entirely narrated from Huck's point of view, is noted for its authentic language and for its deep commitment to free dom. Huck's adventures also provide the reader with a panorama of American life along the Mississippi before the Civil War. Twain's skill in capturing the rhythms of that life help make the book one of the masterpieces of American literature.
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第4题
第5题
General Information:
China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), the state network information center of China, was founded as a non-profit organization on June 3rd 1997.
CNNIC takes orders from the Ministry of Information Industry to conduct daily business, while it was administratively operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences (中科院). CNNIC Steering Committee, a working group composed of well-known experts and commercial-representatives in domestic Internet community supervises and evaluates the structure, operation and administration of CNNIC.
Part of its Main Business:
1. Technical Researches on Internet Addressing
For the sake of keeping pace with the global development of the Internet addressing, CNNIC carries out relevant technical researches and takes on technical projects of the state based on its administrative and working experiences on traditional network technologies.
2. Internet Survey and Relevant Information Services
Since the forming of CNNIC, it has actively carried out series of statistical surveys on the Internet information resources for public welfare.
Information about CNNIC
Founded on (46) .
It's a (47) .
Under the direction of the Ministry of (48) .
Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)
Part of its main business:
1. to carry out relevant (49) and take on state-level technical projects.
2. to carry out series of statistical surveys on the Internet information resources for (50) .
第7题
第8题
Important Features
1. Harlem Renaissance(HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.
2. The notion of "twoness", a divided awareness of one's identity, was introduced by W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)and the author of the influential book The Souls of Black Folks (1903): "One ever feels his two-ness an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being tom asunder."
3. Common themes: alienation, marginality, the use of folk material, the use of the blues tradition, the problems of writing for an elite audience.
4. HR was more than just a literary movement: it included racial consciousness, "the back to Africa" movement led by Marcus Garvey, racial integration, the explosion of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues, painting, dramatic revues, and others.
A Chronology of Important Events and Publications
1919
-369th Regiment marched up Fifth Avenue to Harlem, February 17.
-First Pan-African Congress organized by W.E.B. Du Bois, Paris, February.
-Race riots in Washington, D.C, Chicago, Charleston, Knoxville, Omaha, and elsewhere, June to September.
-Race Relations Commission founded, September.
-Benjamin Brawley published The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States.
1920
-Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) Convention held at Madison Square Garden, August.
-Charles Gilpin starred in Eugene O'Neill, The Emperor Jones, November.
-James Waldou Johnson, first black officer(secretary) of NAACP appointed.
-Claude McKay published Spring in New Hampshire.
-Du Bois's Darkwater is published.
1921
-Marcus Garvey founded African Orthodox Church, September.
-Second Pan-African Congress.
-Colored Players Guild of New York founded.
-Benjamin Brawley published Social History of the American Negro.
1922
-First Anti - Lynching legislation approved by House of Representatives.
-Publications of The Book of American Negro Poetry edited by James Weldon Johnson; Claude McKay, Harlem Shadows.
1923
-Claude McKay spoke at the Fourth Congress of the Third International in Moscow, June.
-Marcus Garvey arrested for mail fraud and sentenced to five years in prison.
-Third Pun-African Congress.
1924
-Civic Club Dinner, bringing black writers and white publishers together, March 21. This event is considered the formal launching of the New Negro movement.
1925
-American Negro Labor Congress held in Chicago, October.
1927
-Marcus Garvey deported.
-Louis Armstrong in Chicago and Duke Ellington in New York began their careers.
-Publications of Hughes, Fine Clothes to the Jew.
1928
-Publications of Wallace Thurman, Harlem: A Forum of Negro Life; Du Bois, The Dark Princess.
1929
-Negro Experimental Theatre founded, February; Negro Art Theatre founded, June.
-Wallace Thurman's play Harlem, opens at the Apollo Theater on Broadway and becomes hugely successful.
-Black Thursday, Octo
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第9题
Important Features
1. Harlem Renaissance(HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.
2. The notion of "twoness", a divided awareness of one's identity, was introduced by W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP). and the author of the influential book The Souls of Black Folks(1903): "One ever feels his two-ness—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being tom asunder."
3. Common themes: alienation, marginality, the use of folk material, the use of the blues tradition, the problems of writing for an Mite audience.
4. HR was more than just a literary movement: it included racial consciousness, "the back to Africa" movement led by Marcus Garvey, racial integration, the explosion of music particularly jazz, spirituals and blues, painting, dramatic revues, and others.
A Chronology of Important Events and Publications
1919
- 369th Regiment marched up Fifth Avenue to Harlem, February 17.
- First Pan African Congress organized by W.E.B. Du Bois, Paris, February.
- Race riots in Washington, D.C., Chicago, Charleston, Knoxville, Omaha, and elsewhere, June to September.
- Race Relations Commission founded, September.
- Benjamin Brawley published The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States.
1920
- Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) Convention held at Madison Square Garden, August.
- Charles Gilpin starred in Eugene O'Neill, The Emperor Jones, November.
- James Johnson Johnson, first black officer(secretary) of NAACP appointed.
- Claude MeKay published Spring in New Hampshire.
- Du Bois's Durkwater is published.
1921
- Marcus Garvey founded African Orthodox Church, September.
- Second Pan African Congress.
- Colored Players Guild of New York founded.
- Benjamin Brawley published Social History of the American Negro.
1922
- First Anti-Lynching legislation approved by House of Representatives.
- Publications of The Book of American Negro Poetry edited by James Weldon Johnson; Claude McKay, Harlem Shadows.
1923
- Claude McKay spoke at the Fourth Congress of the Third International in Moscow, June.
- Marcus Garvey arrested for mail fraud and sentenced to five years in prison.
- Third Pan African Congress.
1924
- Civic Club Dinner, bringing black writers and white publishers together, March 21. This event is considered the formal launching of the New Negro movement.
1925
- American Negro Labor Congress held in Chicago, October.
1927
- Marcus Garvey deported.
- Louis Armstrong in Chicago and Duke Ellington in New York began their careers.
- Publications of Hughes, Fine Clothes to the Jew.
1928
- Publications of Wallace Thurman, Harlem: A Forum of Negro Life; Du Bois, The Dark Princess.
1929
- Negro Experimental Theatre founded, February; Negro art Theatre founded, June;
- Wallace Thurman's play Harlem, opens at the Apollo Theater on Broadway and becomes hugely successful.
- Black Thursday, October 29, Stock Exchange crash.
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