Most sales letters are solicited, such as junk mail or spam sent by an advertiser to a potential customer.

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

How many pollutants currently exceed WHO guidelines in all megacities studied?

A．one

B．two

C．three

D．seven

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.

In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the Siriono ______.

A．were unusually aggressive and cruel.

B．had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.

C．were an extremely primitive society.

D．had only recently made permanent settlements.

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 5 and 6 on your answer sheet.

The greatest outcome of the discovery of the reaction principle was that

A．rockets could be propelled into the air.

B．space travel became a reality.

C．a major problem had been solved.

D．bigger rockets were able to be built.

?Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.

?For each Question 21-30, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

The three basic levels of management are top, middle, and first-line management.

The fairly small number of executives who guide the fortunes of most companies are (21) managers. Common titles for top managers include President, Vice President, Treasurer, Chief (22) Officer (CEO), and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Top managers are responsible to the board of directors and stockholders of the firm for its overall (23) and effectiveness. They set general policies, formulate strategies, oversee all significant decisions, and represent the company in its (24) other businesses and government.

Although they are below the ranks of the top executives, middle managers (25) positions of considerable autonomy and importance. Titles such as Plant Manager, Operations Manager, and Division Manager are typical of middle-management slots. (26) , middle managers are responsible for implementing the strategies, policies, and decisions made by top managers. For example, if top management decides to bring (27) a new product in 12 months or to cut costs by 5 percent, middle management will have to decide to increase the pace of new product development or to reduce the plant's work force. With companies increasingly seeking ways to cut (28) , howerer, the job of middle manager has lately become an unsteady one in many large companies.

At the bottom of the management hierarchy are first-line managers, who supervise the work of employees. First-line managers hold (29) such as Supervisor, Office Manager, and Foreman. First-line managers tend to spend most of their time working with and supervising the employees who (30) to them. Some have entered the firm without a college degree or have been promoted from within the company.

(21)

A．top

B．down

C．utmost

D．supervisor

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A，B，C or D．

?For each question(21-30)，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet．

The three basic levels of management are top，middle，and first-line top．

The fairly small number of executives who guide the fortunes of most companies are (21) managers．Common titles for top managers include President，Vice President，Treasurer，Chief (22) Officer(CEO)，and Chief Financial Officer (CFO)．Top managers are responsible to the board of directors and stockhoIders of the firm for its overall (23) and effectiveness．They set general policies，formulate strategies，oversee all significant decisions，and represent the company in its (24) other businesses and government．

Although they are below the ranks of the top executives，middle managers (25) positions of considerable autonomy and importance．Titles such as P1ant Manager，Operations Manager，and Division Manager are typical of middle-management slots． (26) ，middle managers are responsible for implementing the strategies． policies，and decisions made by top managers．For example，if top management decides to bring (27) a new product in 12 months or to cut costs by 5 percent，middle management will have to decide to increase the pace of new product development or to reduce the plant'S work force．With companies increasingly seeking ways to cut (28) ，however，the job of middle manager has lately become an unsteady one in many large companies．

At the bottom of the management hierarchy are first-line managers，who supervise the work of employees．First-line managers hold (29) ．such as Supervisor，Office Manager，and Foreman．First-line managers tend to spend most of their time working with and supervising the employees who (30) to them．Some have entered the firm without a college degree or have been promoted from within the company．

(22)

A．top

B．down

C．utmost

D．supervisor

Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits ofproducts and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best formof advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when peopletell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they havepurchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutionalor prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation ratherthan to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up theirown advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likelyto have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising andadvertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfycompany to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire theirown advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency andagreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know asbrief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to becommunicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements anddevelops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested innewspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Beforea final choices was made

prior to anational campaign.

Q22 What is probably the bestform. of advertising according to the speaker？

Q23 What does the speaker sayis the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ？

Q24 How did large companiesgenerally handle their advertising？

Q25 What would advertisingagencies often do before a national campaign？