第1题
Which logic, inductive or deductive logic, is used by the logic professor in the following conversation? _____________ The employer introduced himself to his new gardener. “I am a professor of logic,” the employer said. “Oh. What’s that?” the gardener asked. “I shall give you a demonstration,” announced the professor. “Do you own a wheelbarrow?” “Yes,” replied the gardener. “Then I infer you are a hard worker,” the professor continued. “And from that fact I infer you have a family. And from that I infer you are conscientious and responsible. And from that I infer you are a conservative. Am I right?” “Wow!” exclaimed the gardener. “That’s right! So that’s logic?” “That’s logic,” preened the professor.
A、inductive
B、deductive
C、-
D、-
第4题
A.The movement of water from freshwater bodies into the oceans
B.Solar energy in the atmosphere that produces rain over land and oceans
C.Water resources from oceans and freshwater sources inland
D.Transportation of water from oceans into the atmosphere and onto the land
第5题
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system's design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor's design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce--that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
The primary purpose of AURA is to
A.function as a safety mechanism in nuclear reactors.
B.detect contradictions and other faults in computer programs.
C.develop expert human programs for technical fields.
D.check human reasoning for possible errors.
第6题
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it
solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For ex- ample, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system's design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor's design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special-purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce — that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
The primary purpose of AURA is to______.
A.function as a safety mechanism in. nuclear reactors
B.detect contradictions and other faults in computer programs
C.develop expert human programs for technical fields
D.check human reasoning for possible errors
第7题
A.self-knots
B.paradoxes
C.twists
D.tautologies
E.platitudes
第8题
A.nearly all the peer-reviewed researches are partial reviews of reality
B.two seemingly contradictory ideas can be in fact consistent with each other
C.the combination of two partial views can form. a systemic one
D.the synthesis of accurate evidences may be a partial view of reality
第9题
A.self-knots
B.paradoxes
C.twists
D.tautologies
E.platitudes
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