Li Yuchun was the first pop idol elected by fans instead of by record companies in China.

听力原文： The first reality TV show in the world was called Expedition Robinson and it was shown in Sweden in 1997. Half the population of the country watched the final event and a new kind of TV program was born. Two years later in Holland, the first series of Big Brother was filmed. Again, it was a great success and the final program was watched by 15 million people. Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens. The ordinary people who take part in the programs are known by millions of people in their own countries and reality TV has become big, big business.

For the TV producers, reality TV is a dream which come true because many of the programs cost nothing to make. At some point, the television viewers are asked to telephone the program to vote or to apply to take part in the show. It is the cost of these telephone calls that pays for the shows. One of the most popular shows is Pop Idol. In the show a group of attractive young people are made into pop stars. TV viewers vote for their favorite person on the show. The winner makes a record and millions of copies of the record are sold. His or her pictures are published on the covers of magazines or on the front pages of newspapers, and then, they are quickly forgotten.

But not everyone is happy about reality TV. In Portugal, two TV channels got into trouble because they showed too much of the personal lives of the people in the shows. In France, reality TV is called "rubbish TV" and the TV studios of Big Brother were attacked three times in one week. In Greece, Big Brother was described as "against human rights and civilization".

(30)

A．Common people.

B．Pop TV stars.

C．Attractive people.

D．Famous film stars.

Some business books are like a CD recorded by a one-hit-wonder pop star. On the CD, the star's original hit is padded with dross hurriedly bundled together to cash in on the star's ephemeral fame. Consumers, at the end of the day, regret not having bought just the original hit song.

Work force Crisis grew out of an article by the same authors that appeared in the Harvard Business Review in March 200,1. Called It's Time to Retire Retirement, it achieved fame of a sort when it won the McKinsey Prize, an award granted annually to the "most significant" article to have appeared in the publication during the previous year. It gained even more fame by association, being joint winner that year with what turned out to be Peter Drucker's last article What Makes an Effective Executive for the publication.

Now here is the CD extension of that original hit. It takes the basic thesis of the article that the long-standing corporate practice of investing heavily in youth and pushing out older workers must change, "or companies will find themselves running off a demographic cliff as baby boomers age" and puffs it out to the 200-plus pages that hook publishers demand as a minimum.

The authors' original article was already on shaky ground in stating that, as baby-boomers retire (people born between 1946 and 1964, the oldest of whom are just now reaching 60), "there won't be nearly enough young people entering the workforce to compensate for the exodus". An article in the August 2003 issue of Organizational Dynamics, by Peter Cappelli of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, had already knocked that idea on the head. Mr. Cappelli took issue with the popular rumour that the retirement of baby boomers will bring about a shortage of labour. At least in America, there are all sorts of ways in which the labour market will compensate. Many baby-boomers, for instance, will work longer; and although the next generation is some 16% smaller than the baby boom generation? the generation after that is bigger than both of them. Then there is migration and offshoring to smooth the imbalance even further.

Curiously, both sides cited the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in support of their case: Mr. Cappelli quoting its estimate that the US labour force will rise from 153m in 2000 to 159m in 2010; Mr. Dychtwald and his colleagues saying that the bureau "projects a shortfall of 10m workers in the United States in 2010". First there are statistics; and then there is what you want them to say.

The debate has moved on from being about labour shortages to being about the waste of resources involved in allowing workers to retire at what is, given current life expectancy and standards of health, the relatively young age of 60 65. To give Work force Crisis its due, it dwells only briefly at the beginning on statistical pyrotechnics to prove that "a large and prolonged worker shortage could severely reduce our standard of living". It then eases into a discussion about ways in which companies can redesign work in order to bang on to the workers they want to hang on to, regardless of age, in an era when people hop from employer to employer like never before. But it is more like elevator muzak than the hit first recorded in the Harvard Business Review.

The word "ephemeral" in the first paragraph probably means ______.

A．well-known.

B．longlasting.

C．short-lived.

D．international.

Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form. of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.

The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch," said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat. Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.

Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch -- starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.

What form. of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?

A．Potato soup.

B．Potato cake.

C．Potato salad.

D．Hot boiled potato.

Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form. of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.

The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocytes levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. " said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the University Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.

Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch--starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, The magazine of the SCI.

What form. of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?

A．Potato soup.

B．Potato cake.

C．Potato salad.

D．Hot boiled potato.

Eating potatoes gives your immune system a boost

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health，but also for the whole immune system，especially when they come in the form. of a potato salad or eaten cold． In a study on an animal model，researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch（RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel．but also decreased levels of white b1ood cells，such as leucocytes and 1ymphocytes in their blood． White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease，generally when the body is challenged．

The general down—regulatjon of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an o-verall beneficial effect，a generally more healthy body2． The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent．Lower lymphocyte 1evels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation，but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

In what was the 1ongest study of its kind，pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health． “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”，said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Au-tonoma de Barcelona3，Spain．

Humans do not eat raw potatoes，but they do eat a 1ot of foods that contain resistant starch，Such as cold boiled potatoes，legumes，grains，green bananas，pasta and cereals．About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch-starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments．Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome（IBS）4．

Immunology expert Lena Ohman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients，but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut，which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder．She says the de-crease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting，and a diet of resistant starch

may be worth trying in IBS patients．Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine，Goteborg University，Sweden5．The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry，the magazine of the SCl6．

第 41 题 What a form. of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?

A．Potato soup．

B．Potato cake．

C．Potato salad．

D． Hot boiled potato．

[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens&39;s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens&39;s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.

[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour&39;s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form. in 1837.

[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father&39;s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter&39;s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England&39;s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken&39;s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken&39;s birth, his mother&39;s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family&39;s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren&39;s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father&39;s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken&39;s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan&39;s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens&39; as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

It can be learned from the text that the debate triggered by Fay's case focuses mainly upon

A．human rights.

B．moral standards.

C．pop cultures.

D．ethical values.

It can be learned from the text that the debate triggered by Fay's case focuses mainly upon ______.

A．human rights.

B．moral standards.

C．pop cultures.

D．ethical values.