Even though a persuasive speaker’s goal is to influence the audience’s beliefs or actions, he or she still has an ethical obligation to present evidence fairly and accurately

General Elections in Britain are usually held only once every five years. Governments can seem to be remote from the people they represent. The process of protesting about government actions is very slow, even though everyone is permitted direct contact to their member of Parliament.(46)

Pressure groups will seek to influence those who have political power, such as members of Parliament.(47)If members of a pressure group feel that there is public support from outside their group for their demands, they will tell members of Parliament about this.

Pressure groups will thus seek to get support from the public. A powerful way of doing this is by making use of the mass media.(48)Meanwhile, the group will have to be sure of its facts, and fact-finding is thus an important part of its work. Up-to-date information can be made known to members of Parliament and to the general public.

Pressure groups will not only seek to make their causes known to government but also try to inform. and influence the public.(49)

Pressure groups may support political parties, but will lay stress only on some of their policies. For instance, the Monday Club will support the more right-wing policies of the Conservative Party.(50)

(46)

A A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter", which fights for better housing for poor people.

B They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.

C For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed, which pressure groups help to fill.

D There can also be public meetings, demonstrations, etc.

E Governments always stay close to the people.

F However, a pressure group is not a political party, because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

(47)

A A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter", which fights for better housing for poor people.B They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.C For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed, which pressure groups help to fill.D There can also be public meetings, demonstrations, etc.E Governments always stay close to the people.F However, a pressure group is not a political party, because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

(48)

A A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter", which fights for better housing for poor people.B They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.C For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed, which pressure groups help to fill.D There can also be public meetings, demonstrations, etc.E Governments always stay close to the people.F However, a pressure group is not a political party, because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

(49)

A A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter", which fights for better housing for poor people.B They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.C For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed, which pressure groups help to fill.D There can also be public meetings, demonstrations, etc.E Governments always stay close to the people.F However, a pressure group is not a political party, because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

(50)

A A good example of this sort of activity is provided by the educational work of "Shelter", which fights for better housing for poor people.B They will want to tell them what policy their interest demands.C For all these reasons there is something of a vacuum between government and the governed, which pressure groups help to fill.D There can also be public meetings, demonstrations, etc.E Governments always stay close to the people.F However, a pressure group is not a political party, because it does not seek complete or continuous political power.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

A．Europe has no other way to influence the world but to gain help from the United States.

B．the Italian government has desire to exert global influence.

C．the Italian government hopes that Europe could side with the United States.

D．the Italian government desires to be more powerful than the United States.

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as "undesirable". The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: God.

Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The "holy warriors" who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe.

Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that "the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare". Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America "religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy".

The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religious-and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is "too religious" are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity.

Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. "Hot" religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while "cool" mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party, is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushes vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100K ratings from the Christian Coalition.

It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as "a confrontation between good and evil", and remarking, "It seems to me that there's a Third Awakening" (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called "The Purpose-Driven Life", who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda.

Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Chvez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William "Jerry" Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America "because we're a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan". He often wore uniform.

The increasing

A．terrorist attacks

B．American reliance on deity

C．intractable reason

D．multiple factors

?Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.

?For each gap 9—14, mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.

?Do not use any letter more than once.

How the Accountants Influence the Decisions

Accountants in industry are often asked to evaluate projects. H . Many people think it must be straightforward, but, like many publishing contracts, the devil lies in the detail.

(9) . There is a high level of front-end investment in trying to "break" (popularise) an artist which usually comprises a non-returnable advance on royalties, recording costs, promotional costs and tour support costs which sometimes even extend to large "buy-on" fees to support major artists on big tours; i.e. they pay to play. Usually the first department involved in a decision to sign an artist is the A&R (artistes and repertoire) department. Sometimes unfairly labelled the Urn & Ah department, they play a vital role in identifying potential stars. About 95% of the artists don't make the grade. (10) . This financial analysis is called a Deal Memo and it also assists in the negotiation process.

When A&R. have identified a signing then there are a number of key decisions to be made in which the business affairs and finance departments become closely involved. (11) . Will it be a direct signing, i.e., will the company be contracting directly with the artist, or has the artist been savvy enough to incorporate his own company and "loan out" his services to his own company? If the contract is with the artist's company then it is vital that the record company get the artist to sign a letter (called an inducement letter) stating that he personally undertakes to fulfill his contractual obligations should his company be unable to do so； e.g., if it were wound up.

(12) . Pete Waterman% PWL with artists such as Kylie Minogue, Jason Donovan and Rick Astley was a good example of a production house. Other examples are lease-tape deals and P&D (pressing and distribution) where the record company does not actually own the product but can sell it under its name for a limited period.

(13) . This will largely concentrate on the advances, royalty rates and contract term that should be offered to make it attractive to the artist to sign.

(14) . It should be product based i.e. on the number of albums to be delivered by the artist, (known as the "minimum commitment") rather than time based. Ideally the record company would want to sign the artist for just one album with multiple options for further albums at its sole and absolute discretion, so ff the artist is a flop, then the contract is terminated after one album, but if he or she is a success then options are exercised.

A The term of the contract is very important.

B Having decided on the form. of contract then, the finance department comes into the picture in assessing and analyzing the structure of the deal.

C Other possible forms of contract that could be considered are production house deals where a specialist company agrees to supply a number of artists to the record company.

D Firstly, it must be decided what form. the contract is going to take.

E However, for the very few artists that the record companies successfully "break" then there is big money to be made and it is therefore vital that any proposed deal undergo a thorough financial analysis to ensure that the company is not over-committed.

F Contrary to popular myth that it is easy to make money in the music business, most artists actually lose money for the recording companies.

G Importance should be attached to both the term and form. of the contract.

H In

A．The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.

B．The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements because she is un- consciously attracted by her.

C．Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.

D．Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.

A．The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.

B．The clever saleswoman echoes her lady customer's movements because she is un- consciously attracted by her.

C．Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.

D．Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win their affection and respect in this way.

A．The influence of aging problem.

B．The shrinking of younger population.

C．The changing of working style.

D．The change of consuming pattern.