Visual heighten audience interest, shift attention away from the speaker, and give the speaker greater confidence in the presentation as a whole.

The shift away from cash in Missouri s counties resulted in______.

A．an unobvious decrease in the overall crime rate

B．a decrease in certain crimes such as robbery and rape

C．a decline in crimes related to the use of cash

D．a decline in overall crimes

What does the passage say about the shift from the role of husband to that of father?

A．Numerous books have been written about it.

B．Not enough attention has been paid to it.

C．The shift is harder for men than for women.

D．The shift is a difficult but incomplete one.

After 1785, the production of children's books in the Untied States increased but

remained largely reprints of British books, often those published by John Newbery, the

first publisher to produce books aimed primarily at diverting a child audience. Ultimately,

however, it was not the cheerful, commercial-minded Newhery, but Anglo-Irish author

5 Maria Edgeworth who had the strongest influence on this period of American children's

literature. The eighteenth century had seen a gradual shift away from the spiritual intensity

of earlier American religious writings for children, toward a more generalized moralism.

Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for

instruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional

10 entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction. As the children's book market

expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction Maria

Edgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructive

enough to allay adult distrust of fiction,

American reaction against imported books for children set in after the War of 1812

15 with the British. A wave of nationalism permeated everything, and the self-conscious new

nation found foreign writings (particularly those from the British monarchy) unsuitable for

the children of a democratic republic, a slate of self-governing, equal citizens. Publishers

of children's books began to encourage American writers to write for American children.

When they responded, the pattern established by Maria Edgeworth was at hand, attractive

20 to most of them for both its rationalism and its high moral tone. Early in the 1820's,

stories of willful children learning to obey, of careless children learning to take care,

of selfish children learning to "tire for others," started to flow from American presses,

successfully achieving Edgeworth's tone, though rarely her lively style. Imitative as

they were, these early American stories wee quite distinguishable from their British

25 counterparts. Few servants appeared in them, and if class distinctions had by no means

disappeared, there was much democratic insistence on the worthiness of every level of

birth and work. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious.

self-reflective, and independent-testimony to the continuing influence of the earlier

American moralistic tradition in children's books.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The career of Maria Edgeworth as an author of children's books

B．The development of children's literature in the United States

C．Successful publishers of children's books in Britain and North America

D．Basic differences between British and American literature for children

What is the speaker's purpose in giving this talk?

A．Explain the reason of the shift of interest.

B．Tell us something about the sea.

C．Tell us something about the space.

D．Encourage people to investigate the sea.

The difference between the starboard and port drafts caused by a transverse shift in weight is _____.

A.list

B.heel

C.trim

D.flotation

听力原文： When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I'd like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

(33)

A．They wanted to follow his example.

B．They fully supported his undertaking.

C．They were puzzled by his decision.

D．They were afraid he wasn't fully prepared.

听力原文： When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings (32) . As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I'd like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind (35) . The first excuse I give is on economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight (33) . The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. on the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In theft different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids (34) . The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

(33)

A．They wanted to follow his example.

B．They full supported his undertaking.

C．They were puzzled by his decision.

D．They were afraid he wasn't full prepared.

A、give a parental leave exclusively for fathers

B、break the glass ceiling for women at work

C、shift focus away from the male bread-winner model

D、advocate gender inequality

The Single long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads. was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun, pity or awe. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people like Elizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success.

As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. 45. This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. 46. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist, Jean-Claude Kaufmanns, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century. 47. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc on Europeans' private lives. More and more of them are remaining on their own: they're living longer, divorcing more and marrying later—if at all. British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France's National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990.

Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. 48. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style. capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. A recent poll by the Institute Francois Dominion Publique, the French affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of French respondents viewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. Other European singles agree. "I've always wanted to be free to go on adventures," says Iris Expender, who lives by herself in Berlin.

(44)

A. The shift among employees.

B. The friendship with the staff.

C. Her own hard work.

D. The new record-keeping system.