Left from the home, the child was deviated from the right path.

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) ' ,

"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past; less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus — On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles, "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. " His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.

Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles;"It is man, real, living man who does all that. "And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

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Once a political system has been corrupted right from the very top leaders to the lowest ranks of the government, the problem is very complicated.

A．rotten

B．disintegrated

C．boiled

D．spoiled

A.The left side.

B.The right side.

C.The frontal part.

D.The back part.

听力原文：W: Tom, do you know why Britain is separated from the continent?

M: No. But I guess millions of years ago Britain was also a part of the Continent.

W: You are right. Nearly 10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, a great flood washed over a wide, low plain, and created the English Channel. From then on, the island of Britain was isolated from the rest of Europe.

M: I know there have been many people who have wanted to swim across the Channel, and some of them have succeeded.

W: What's more, quite a lot of people have thought of building a channel tunnel since the 18th century, but no one thought this dream would come true. Now, however, the channel tunnel, the longest underwater passage on the earth, has been built.

M: When was it built?

W: A British team started to drill southeast from Dover and a French team started to drill northwest from Sangatte in 1987. The two teams met under the channel in December 1990, and they celebrated the completion of the 23-mile shaft.

M: Was it opened to the public immediately?

W: No. The tunnel was opened to the public in 1993 and now it is able to carry up to 30 million passengers a year.

How did the English Channel come into being?

A．Because of a flood 10,000 years ago.

B．Because of an earthquake 10,000 years ago.

C．Because of a flood 100,000 years ago.

D．Because of all earthquake 100,000 years ago.

听力原文：F: Tom, do you know why Britain is separated from the continent?

M: No. But I guess millions of years ago Britain was also a part of the Continent.

F: You are right. Nearly 10,000 years ago. at the end of the Ice Age, a great flood washed over a wide, low plain, and created the English Channel. From then on, the island of Britain was isolated from the rest of Europe.

N: I know there have been many people who have wanted to swim across the Channel, and some of them have succeeded.

F: What's more, quite a lot of people have thought of building a channel tunnel since the 18th century, but no one thought this dream would come true. Now, however, the channel tunnel, the longest underwater passage on the earth, has been built.

M: When Was it built?

F: A British team started to drill southeast from Dover and a French team started to drill northwest from Sangatte in 1987. The two teams met under the channel in December 1990, and they celebrated the completion of the 23-mile shaft.

M: Was it opened to the public immediately?

F: No. The tunnel was opened to the public in 1993 and now it is able to carry up to 30 million passengers a year.

M: How long will it take to cross the Channel on the trains?

F: 26 minutes. In the past, people had to spend hours on the ferry in rough seas. So the tunnel is welcomed most warmly by all those who care for the future of Europe.

M: Yes. I think it serves to strengthen Britain's links with the continent and especially with France. It will farther strengthen the exchange between peoples and thus lead to better understanding.

F: Surely it will.

How did the English Channel come into being?

A．Because of a flood 10,000 years ago.

B．Because of an earthquake 10,000 years ago.

C．Because of a flood 100,000 years ago.

D．Because of an earthquake 100,000 years ago.

听力原文：W: Tom, do you know why Britain is separated from the continent?

M: No. But I guess millions of years ago Britain was also a part of the Continent.

W: You are right. Nearly 10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, a great flood washed over a wide, low plain, and created the English Channel. From then on, the island of Britain was isolated from the rest of Europe.

M: I know there have been many people who have wanted to swim across the Channel, and some of them have succeeded.

W: What's more, quite a lot of people have thought of building a channel tunnel since the 18th century, but no one thought this dream would come true. Now, however, the channel tunnel, the longest underwater pas- sage on the earth, has been built.

M: When was it built?

W: A British team started to drill southeast from Dover and a French team started to drill northwest from San gatte in 1987. The two teams met under the channel in December 1990, and they celebrated the completion of the 23-mile shaft.

M: Was it opened to the public immediately?

W: No. The tunnel was opened to the public in 1993 and now it is able to carry up to 30 million passengers a year.

How did the English Channel come into being?

A．Because of a flood 10,000 years ago.

B．Because of an earthquake 10,000 years ago.

C．Because of a flood 100,000 years ago.

D．Because of an earthquake 100,000 years ago.

The one thing all children have in common is their rights. Every child has the right to survive and thrive, to be educated, to be free from violence and abuse, to participate and to be heard. These are innate human rights, as inalienable as those held by adults. But until 1989, these rights were not formally articulated in a legally binding instrument, nor were governments fully accountable to advance these rights for every child. This all changed 25 years ago, on Universal Children s Day, when the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It rapidly became the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history.