Report is the same as essay.

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Thursday, April seventh, is World Health Day. The World Health Organization recognizes World Health Day each year to increase interest about a health issue it considers of special concern. This year, World Health Day examines the health of mothers and children in developing countries.

The health of mothers and children is this year's World Health Day issue.

The WHO says more than half a million women die every year from problems related to pregnancy(妊娠) and childbirth. Millions more women survive, but suffer disabilities. About eleven million children also die each year, many within the first month of life.

A million or more children are left without mothers each year as a result of women dying from pregnancy-related problems. Experts say these children are three to ten times more likely to die within two years than children who live with both parents.

Most deaths of mothers happen among poor people in developing countries. The highest maternal(母亲的) death rates around the world are in southern African countries, followed by central Asia. Women are most at risk during childbirth in Sierra Leone and Afghanistan. Experts say one out of six women in those countries will die from problems related to pregnancy and childbirth.

WHO officials say most of the deaths result from lack of skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth and lack of clean conditions. Many babies would survive with safe birthing methods, good nutrition, vaccines against disease and good care at home.

The disease AIDS is also an increasing threat to both mothers and their children. Experts say almost half of all adults living with AIDS and the virus(病毒) that causes it are women. And there is increased risk that an infected mother will pass the virus to her baby. Experts say many deaths could be prevented by using medicines during childbirth that prevent mothers from passing the AIDS virus to their babies.

Last year, nations approved Millennium Development Goals for the year two thousand fifteen. They agreed to work to reduce the number of women dying in childbirth by three-quarters. They also promised to reduce the number of child deaths by two-thirds.

Why was the World Health Day recognized by WHO?

A．To increase interest about the health of mothers and children in developing countries.

B．To draw people's attention to a health issue it considers of special concern each year.

C．To prevent deaths of mothers from happening among poor families in developing countries.

D．To warn people the disease AIDS is threatening human beings.

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Friends play an important role in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few — for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic conditions, social position and intelligence. These factors are of prime importance, as it is often more difficult to get on with people when there is a clear difference in means, background, maturity, and/or capabilities.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on despite argument or heated discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes, and interests. In fact, close friends may sometimes talk about "being on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on each other, People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with any annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.

In contrast with marriage, there are no government-sanctioned friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the support and understanding of each other that result from shared experiences and emotions do seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome difference in background, and thus break down barriers of age, class, or race.

According to the author, ______.

A．all those who get on well with each other are friends

B．friends are closer than people who just get on well with each other

C．everyone understands clearly how to make friends

D．every student has six friends

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

It is often difficult for a man to be quite sure what tax (税) he ought to pay to the government because it depends on so many different things: whether the man is married; how many children he has; whether he supports any relations; how much he earns; how much interest he receives; how much he has spent on his house during the year; and so on and so forth. All this makes it difficult to decide exactly how much the tax is.

There was a certain artist who was always very careful to pay the proper amount.

One year, after posting his check as usual, he began to wonder if he had paid enough, and after a lot of work, with a pencil and paper, decided that he had not. He believed that he owed the government something.

He was just writing another check to send to the tax-collector when the postman dropped a letter into the box at the front door. Opening it, the artist was surprised to find inside it a check for five pounds from the tax-collector. The official explained that too much had been paid, and that therefore the difference was now returned to the taxpayer.

According to the passage, to decide the exact amount of tax to be paid is ________.

A．simply

B．easy

C．difficult

D．interesting

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We ail enjoy our freedom of choice and don't like to see it restricted. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we eau smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggested that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality (活力) and longevity (寿命).

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because______.

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and don't like to see it restricted. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we eau smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle. without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.

A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggested that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力) and longevity(寿命).

The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because______.

A．personal health choices help cure most illnesses

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

There are two kinds of memory, short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.

Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, and native-speaking students.

To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took an is-question test to see which words hey remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.

Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.

Henning made the experiment in order to study ______.

A．how students remember English vocabulary by short-term memory

B．how students learn English vocabulary

C．how to develop students' ability in English

D．how long information in short-term memory is kept

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which a train crashed or a ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may have wondered how these things could happen without harming the people in the film.

The person who knows the answer is the "special-effects" person. He has one of the most important jobs in the film industry.

In a scene for one movie there was a big glass bowl filled with the water in which small fish were swimming. The director of the movie wanted the fish to stop swimming suddenly while they seemed to stare at the actor. Then the director wanted the fish to stop staring and swim away. This was quite a challenge, since fish generally can't be forced to do anything.

The special-effects person thought about this problem for a long time. The result was an idea for controlling the fish using of electricity. First he applied electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely still. Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. Thus, he got the humorous effect that the director wanted without harming the fish.

As in other parts of movie making, there are people who have developed particular skill in creating all kinds of effects. Jim White, who has been a special-effects specialist for thirty-two years, is best known for work with ships and airplanes.

Calmly he builds and crashes airplane; or sends tiny models of ships on dangerous voyages. For a movie about World War Ⅱ, he built a boat which was a copy of a real ship. The copy was made of wood and was 165 feet long. As it sailed along at a speed of seven sea miles an hour in the Pacific Ocean, it seemed so real that a United States military airplane flew down near it, trying to discover which country owned it.

All special effects production requires training, skill, and experience. It also can add a great deal to the expense of producing the film.

The special-effects person's job is important because ______.

A．she reduces the costs of movie making

B．she makes scenes look real

C．she makes destroyed things reusable

D．she protects their work from being destroyed

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which a train crashed or a ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may have wondered how these things could happen without harming the people in the film.

The person who knows the answer is the "special-effects" person. He has one of the most important jobs in the film industry.

In a scene for one movie there was a big glass bowl filled with the water in which small fish were swimming. The director of the movie wanted the fish to stop swimming suddenly while they seemed to stare at the actor. Then the director wanted the fish to stop staring and swim away. This was quite a challenge, since fish generally can't be forced to do anything.

The special-effects person thought about this problem for a long time. The result was an idea for controlling the fish using of electricity. First he applied electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be absolutely still. Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. Thus, he got the humorous effect that the director wanted without harming the fish.

As in other parts of movie making, there are people who have developed particular skill in creating all kinds of effects. Jim White, who has been a special-effects specialist for thirty-two years, is best known for work with ships and airplanes.

Calmly he builds and crashes airplane; or sends tiny models of ships on dangerous voyages. For a movie about World War Ⅱ, he built a boat which was a copy of a real ship. The copy was made of wood and was 165 feet long. As it sailed along at a speed of seven sea miles an hour in the Pacific Ocean, it seemed so real that a United States military airplane flew down near it, trying to discover which country owned it.

All special effects production requires training, skill, and experience. It also can add a great deal to the expense of producing the film.

The special-effects person's job is important because ______.

A．she reduces the costs of movie making

B．she makes scenes look real

C．she makes destroyed things reusable

D．she protects their work from being destroyed

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you, your job or career? It means a lot. Americans with an Associate Degree average nearly $ 10,000 more in yearly earnings than those with just a High School Diploma.

Harcourt Learning Direct offers you a way to get a Specialized Associate Degree in 11 of today's growing fields — without having to go to college full time. With Harcourt, you study at home, in your spare time — so you don't have to give up your present job while you train for a better one. Choose from exciting majors like Business Management,Accounting, Dressmaking & Design, Bookkeeping, Photography, Computer Science,Engineering, and more!

Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids — even professional-quality tools and equipment — everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition price you pay.

Your education is nationally recognized!Nearly 2,000 American companies —including General Electric, IBM, Mobil, General Motors, Ford, and many others — have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too!

Earn your degree in as little as two years!Get a career diploma in just six months!The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before,you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields!Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own!

Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training! Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon (登记表) above. Then, write in the name and number of the one program you're most interested in, and mail it today. We'll rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you've chosen. Act today!Mail coupon today! Or call the number below:

1-800-372-1589 Call anytime, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

www. harcourt-learning.com E-mail: harcourt@learning.com

What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?

A．College students preparing to work in some big companies.

B．College students preparing to study for a degree.

C．High school graduates preparing to have a home training.

D．High school graduates preparing for college entrance examinations.

Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.

Education has acquired a kind of snob(诌上骄下的势利鬼) value in modern times. We are no longer content to be honest craftsmen(工匠), skilled at our work through years of patient practice. Nowadays if we want promotion in even the humblest(卑微的) job, we have to obtain a certificate or a diploma first. We may know that we would be better at the job than the man with the paper qualifications, but our experience and practical skills are often regarded as relatively unimportant. "Johnson would have been manager by now if he'd taken the trouble to get a degree," his colleagues say, "he's a clever man. He could have done anything if he'd had a proper education."

I wonder if, as time goes on, we shall discover that many people, whose practical experience and ability would have been enormously useful to their employers, have been rejected form. hire or promotion on the grounds that they were insufficiently qualified. Would it not be better to allow people to become expert in the way most suited to them, rather than oblige them to follow a set course of instruction which may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills in which they would have become expert if left it to themselves?

By the first sentence in Para.1, the writer probably means ______.

A．education has acquired a pleasant value

B．education is ignored by the public

C．too much attention is paid to degrees in the workplace

D．too little attention is paid to degrees in the workplace