Fill up each gap with an appropriate word given be...

Fill up each gap with an appropriate word given below: consolidate fashion nor referred to or subordinate terms based therefore however code cases confusingly compiled enact The meaning of the word ‘code’ will vary according to whether it is being used by lawyers trained in the English common law tradition, or lawyers brought up in the civil law tradition. In the civil law system, a 1_______is an authoritative, comprehensive and systematic collection of general clauses and legal principles, divided into Books or Parts dealing in a logical 2????______ with the law relating thereto. Civil law codes are 3________ regarded as the primary source of law, to which all other sources are 4________, and often the only source of law on a particular matter. 5________, codes have also been 6_________ in common law jurisdictions, particularly for procedure and, in 7_______ of sheer volume, the United States have more ‘codified’ laws than any other country. 8 _________ the cardinal feature in a common law code is that it is 9________ pre-existing law (usually a combination of cases and statutes) and is neither designed, 10_________ intended to be a formulation of all inclusive rules. In other words, common law codes are generally enacted to 11 ______ the law on a particular area, or to clarify an area of law which has become unsettled, obscure or confused. It is exceedingly rare for a common law code to attempt to 12 ______ new rules or new concepts. Despite the enactment or compilation of various codes in common law jurisdictions, 13 _______ (or judicial decisions) generally retain their clarificatory significance and will continue to be 14______ as sources of law if there is any ambiguity in the statute, 15______ if there is a perceived ‘gap’ in the legislation which could then be filled by an existing judicial decision. In terms of style and organization, the format and structure of a typical common law statute is quite different from that of a civil law statute or code.

Fill up each gap with an appropriate word given below: those, which, that , any , whenever, can, may, will, more, except Some social scientists argue persuasively that law 1______ exist in 2________ number of situations. For example, in a family, parents "make laws" that children must obey; in a company, the personnel director makes rules that employees must obey. In fact, 3________ a group gets together, law may appear. These laws, 4________ are not supported by the official sanctions of the government, are called "private laws" and are generated in "private legal systems". We, however, take the position that law is one type of norm or, 5________ specifically, 6________ norms established by the official leaders of society 7________ be characterized as law; We 8________ limit our discussion to the study of the U. S. Legal system— 9________ norms established by any part of our government—and we will not discuss private legal systems, 10________ to note that they are actively studied by people interested in the sociology of law.

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words（每小题2分，共40分） (1) A 1) is characterized by having a well-structured periodic placement of atoms. The smallest assembly of atoms that can be repeated to form the entire crystal is called a 2) , with a dimension of 3) . (2) For any semiconductor there is a forbidden energy range in which allowed states cannot exist. Energy regions or energy bands are permitted above and below this energy gap. The upper bands are called the 4) ; the lower bands, the 5) . The separation between the energy of the lowest conduction band and that of the highest valence band is called the 6) or energy gap Eg, which is one of the most-important parameters in semiconductor physics. (3) For an n-type silicon, a substitutional phosphorous atom with five valence electrons has replaced a silicon atom and a negative-charged electron is donated to the lattice in the conduction band. The phosphorous atom is called a 7) . When a boron atom with three valence electrons substitutes for a silicon atom, a positive-charged hole is created in the valence band and an additional electron will be accepted to form four covalent bonds around the boron. This is p-type, and the boron is an 8) . We can calculate the approximate distance of the donor electron from the donor impurity ion, and also the approximate energy required to elevate the donor electron into the conduction band. This energy is referred to as the 9) . (4) Electronic devices rely on transport of electrons (holes) in materials. This transport occurs either under the influence of an electric 10) or carrier concentration 11) . There are two collision or scattering mechanisms that dominate in a semiconductor and affect the carrier 12) : phonon or 13) scattering, and 14) scattering. If the carrier energy is large enough it can transfer energy to the lattice by the emission of an optical phonon. This mechanism is very efficient and limits the maximum drift velocity. The limiting value for the drift velocity is termed the 15) . Besides the 16) , which flows when an electric field is applied and which follows Ohm's law, an additional important component of current can flow if a spatial variation of carrier energies or densities exists within the material. This component of current is called 17) . (5) The bipolar transistor has three separately doped regions and two pn 18) . The three terminal connections are called the emitter, base, and 19) . The width of the 20) region is small compared to the minority carrier diffusion length.

?Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.

?For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.

?Do not use any letter more than once.

Accounting

Accounting is the process of systematically collecting, analyzing, and reporting financial information. Bookkeeping is essentially record-keeping which is part of the overall accounting process. A private accountant is hired by a specific organization to operate its accounting system and to interpret accounting information. A public accountant performs these functions for various individuals, or firms, on a professional-fee basis. (9) .

The accounting process is based on the accounting equation, assets = liabilities+ owners' equity. (10) .There are five steps in the accounting process: 1) Source documents are analyzed to determine which accounts they affect. 2) Each transaction is recorded in a journal. 3) Each journal entry is posted in the appropriate general ledger accounts. 4) At the end of each accounting period, a trial balance is prepared to make sure that the accounting equation is in balance at the end of the period. 5) Financial Statements are prepared from the trial balance. (11) . A new accounting cycle is then begun for the next accounting period.

The balance sheet, or statement of financial position, is a summary of a firm's assets, liabilities, and owners' equity accounts at a particular time. (12) . On the balance sheet, assets are categorized as current (convertible to cash in a year or less), fixed (to be used or held for more than one year), or intangible (valuable solely because of the rights or advantages they confer). (13) . For a sole proprietorship or partnership, owner's equity is reported by the owner's name in the last section of the balance sheet. For a corporation, the value of common stock, preferred stock, and retained earnings is reported in the owners' equity section.

An income statement is a summary of a firm's financial operations during a specified accounting period. (14) . Operating expenses are then deducted to compute net income from operations. Finally, non-operating expenses and income taxes are deducted to obtain the firm's net income after taxes.

The information contained in these two financial statements becomes more meaningful when it is compared with corresponding information for previous years, for competitors, and for the industry in which the firm operates.

A On the income statement, the company's gloss profit on sales is computed by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales.

B These ratios provide a picture of the firm's profitability, its short-term financial position, its activity in the area of accounts receivable and inventory, and its long-term debt financing.

C Similarly, current liabilities are those that are to be repaid in one year or less, and long-term liabilities are debts that will not be repaid for at least one year.

D Double-entry bookkeeping ensures that the balance shown by the equation is maintained.

E This statement must demonstrate that the equation is in balance.

F Accounting information is used primarily by management, but it is also demanded by creditors, suppliers, stockholders, and government agencies.

G Once statements are prepared, the books are closed.

H Bookkeeping is essentially record-keeping which is part of the overall accounting process.

(9)

OnlythesalesdepartmentwillusetheexistingtargetcomputerstorunWindows7.

Youhavethefollowingrequirements：Migratetheuserstateforeachuser.

Preservethefilesystemandexistingapplicationsforonlythesalesdepartmentcomputers.

Youneedtorecommendthedeploymentmethodthatisappropriatefortheenvironment.

Whichcombinationofdeploymentscenariosshouldyourecommend？（）

Figure shows a ring of radiuswith a narrow gap of() and linear charge density. The magnitude of the electric field at the center O of the ring is （ ）.

A、

B、0

C、

D、uncertain

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Ants have an amazing ability to communicate with each other and work together to accomplish complex tasks. Their specialized behavior. (30) due to chemical communication is so well developed that humans can learn a lot from them about how best to work in teams. British scientists at the University of Bristol are studying colonies of army ants to understand how they organize themselves and share knowledge. These insects are known for using their bodies as living plugs to cover holes on the rough terrain between their nest and their prey. When they encounter a hole in their path, they quickly determine which of them is the best fit. The appropriate ant then lies across the gap, allowing the remainder of the group to step on its back. (31) This important minority of ants maximizes the food collection of the entire colony by literally "paving the way" for the others.

The collective behavior. that emerges from a group of social insects, such as ants, can be called "swarm intelligence". Swarm intelligence consists of the self-organization of many individuals that work collectively to find the best solution for a difficult problem. The concepts of swarm intelligence have been used in a variety of human applications. (32) "Ant colony maximization" has been mimicked as a routing method that improves the efficiency of cargo transfers on airplanes, and has even become a routing technique for moving data across telecommunications networks more smoothly. I guess you could say that our daily lives benefit from the tireless work of ants.

(27)

A．Humans got equal teamwork with ants.

B．Ants usually accomplish the most complex tasks.

C．Ants communicate through chemicals.

D．Ants have an amazing ability to specialize behavior.

?Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

?For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

When you are negotiating with someone, listen for the message that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word "difficult" does not (21) the same as impossible. Imagine you are staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager's answer, "That would be difficult, Sir", does not mean that he is saying "no". It just means that he wants to know (22) you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room. If you (23) you will cause him a lot of trouble if he does not change your room, he might (24) it would be better for him to do as you ask.

If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman's (25) , "I' m sorry, but we never negotiate on the price" means that they do negotiate on other things, like the (26) time or the "extras" that might be available as part of the purchase.

In all of these (27) the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two "players" wish to get. as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three (28) above the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions but their "messages" make it clear that there may be (29) for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that (30) both sides.

(21)

A．produce

B．mean

C．equal

D．give