By regulating APIs instead of specific drug formulations, governments allow manufacturers freedom to formulate ingredients into _________.

On the shelves of the country's shops is the usual classification of toys, clothing, appliances and cookware. But over the past month the quality of many of the goods on offer has improved. In part this is because scandals over toxic paint have brought closer scrutiny from inspectors and hence less corner-cutting. But it is also partly because of falling demand for its goods from other countries, which has given its manufacturers and local government a big incentive to work around the country's exportpromotion policies and to sell at home.

Its manufacturers are well aware that they operate in one of the few large markets that is still showing a pulse. Retail sales in October were up by 22% compared with the same month in 2007 -- a slight drop from 23.2% in September, but an impressive figure nonetheless. That certainly exaggerates the country's economic vigor, but it would be a stretch to believe that the country is in recession.

As domestic consumption increases, its export-oriented manufacturers are under siege (围攻). Figures announced on December 10th showed that exports fell by a startling 2.2% in November, compared with a year earlier. Analysts had expected an increase of around 15%; it was the first fall in exports for seven years. The news followed a government survey, released on December 1st, that showed a sharp decline in the fortunes of export manufacturers, confirming lots of anecdotal evidence. Diverting goods intended for export to the domestic market makes sense for factory owners, who want their firms to survive, and for local officials, who wish to maintain order.

As a result of pressure from its trading partners, these tax rebates (折扣) on exports had been contracting. But in November a new stimulus plan was announced that increased the rebates on more than 3,000 items. Evidently its officials hope the country can once again export its way to higher growth, despite the financial troubles in its main markets.

One solution is to route goods to the domestic market via a port city, so that they qualify as exports, but this takes time and money and strikes many operators as a huge waste of both. The sudden appearance of higher-quality goods suggests that officials are being less eager than usual in enforcing the export rules.

Its consumers, for their part, must surely be pleased that they can buy better products at low prices. A year ago, the boom(繁荣) was expected to be the means of breaking down the divide between its domestic and export-led economies. But perhaps a bust is what was required.

What has happened to the shelves of the country's shop over the past month?

A．All the goods were classified into different categories.

B．Toxic paint was forcibly taken out of shelves.

C．The quality of goods has been greatly improved.

D．There are fewer brands from the foreign countries.

听力原文： President Bush is visiting Singapore on a Southeast Asia tour that includes a trip to Vietnam for a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders. Mr. Bush met today with Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Acting President J. Y. Pillay at Singapore's government headquarters.

President Bush and his wife Laura also visited a museum of Asian civilizations, where they were treated to a performance of Asian fusion music. Singaporean school children also performed dances representing the island state's diverse cultures.

Mr. Bush is to give a speech in Singapore later today, the U.S. officials say who will set the agenda for his Asia tour. He is expected to talk about how the United States and Asian nations can work together to fight poverty, disease, terrorism and create energy security.

U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice says Asia-Pacific nations must confront terrorism and other security threats if they want to maintain economic prosperity. Secretary Rice discusses the issue today with the regional foreign ministers at the APEC Forum in Hanoi.

She says the prosperity of the region is closely tied to combating threats such as terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the spread of pandemic disease.

In his Southeast Asia tour, President Bush did all of the following EXCEPT to ______.

A．visit Singapore

B．attend a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders in Singapore

C．meet Singapore officials

D．enjoy Asian civilizations

?Read the article below about a company.

?Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D.

?For each question (21-20), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Miele, the German domestic appliance manufacturer, has been in the UK (21) thirty years.

The company started (22) a small office in central London, a staff of five and a turnover (23) the first 16 months of ￡53,000. Today it has a modern headquarters at Abingdon, near Oxford, employs about 200 people and has a turnover of￡18 million. The British company, (24) the other overseas subsidiaries, is a sales operation. Aangdon is an ideal town (25) the UK headquarters. It is very central as a distribution point and only five miles north (26) the "inland port" of Milton.

The Miele group employs 13,500 people worldwide. (27) it is still a family concern. "There is regular contact (28) headquarters in Gutersloh, Germany," says Herr Wedekind, chief executive of the British subsidiary.

The group sells (29) products to up-market customers in shops like Harrods and advertises in publications like The Sunday Times magazine. "We sell our products to people (30) want quality, want the best, good after-sale service and trouble-free appliances," says Herr Wedekind.

(21)

A．about

B．lasted

C．for

D．until

Throughout George Bush's presidency, the federal government has refused to support any regulation of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Whenever the subject comes up, officials tend to mumble(咕哝) about uncertainties. But on April 2nd, the Supreme Court at last settled one of the biggest outstanding questions: whether the government has the authority to curb emissions in the first place.

The court ruled that the Clean Air Act a law from the 1960s designed to combat smog— gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the power to regulate carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. It also said the EPA would need an excuse if it decided not to use this power. It dismissed the justifications the EPA had provided for inaction that emissions from American cars were insignificant in the grand scheme of things and that unilateral action by America would undermine efforts to achieve international consensus on global warming—as inadequate. Strictly speaking, the ruling applies only to emissions from vehicles, but a very similar case regarding coal fired power plants is pending(未决的) in federal court. The EPA says it is now examining the ruling.

The EPA might examine it for some time, of course. Any regulations it comes up with in response might still defer action into the distant future, since the law allows the EPA to delay implementation until appropriate technology can be acquired at a reasonable cost. Even if it proceeds quite swiftly, a new president and Congress with globe-cooling ideas of their own will be in place long before any new rules come into effect.

That suits the environmental lobby just fine. They hope the ruling will spur Congress to address global warming with proper legislation. After all, it makes little sense for such an important issue to be tackled tangentially(无甚关系的) through a 40-year-old law. And if 2009 sees the inauguration of a greener president, he or she will now have the power, to dictate stricter fuel efficiency, in the form. of lower CO2 emissions, without reference to Congress.

California set an example. In 2002, the state assembly passed a law regulating emissions of CO2from vehicles, based on a provision of the Clean Air Act that allows California to adopt stricter pollution standards than the federal government. Carmakers have challenged the law, in part on the ground that CO2 was not an air pollutant. The car industry quickly declared that the issue of global warming is best handled at the federal level by Congress.

What is the Court's attitude towards the government's function in the control of greenhouse gases?

A．It is the government's obligation to set up stricter regulation.

B．It is disappointing for the public that the government shies away this problem.

C．The government is the only organization that can control greenhouse gases.

D．The government is not the chief organization authorized to control greenhouse gases.

Fill up each gap with an appropriate word given below: legislatures lacking supreme force power major approved despite interest covered precedents similarly left handling judges The law itself comes from several sources: constitutional law, treaties, statutes, executive orders, administrative regulations, and common law. The U.S. Constitution is the 1_________ law of the land that takes precedence over any of the other categories. Each state also has a constitution that 2__________takes precedence over any state law (within its own state, of course). The federal government can enter into treaties with other countries that also have the 3___________ of law. The president negotiates these treaties, which must then be 4____________by two-thirds of the Senate. Statutes, law passed by 5__________, are the types of law most of us are likely to think of when we are asked about sources of law but sometimes the executive (president or governor) is permitted to issue regulations that have the force of law. Often, administrative agencies are given the power to make regulations that have the force of law. For example, the Federal Communications Commission has the 6___________to license broadcasters, but Congress left it to the commission to issue regulations to determine which stations best serve the public 7_________. Such decisions can mean the gain or loss of millions of dollars. As government has grown, Congress and state legislature, 8_________ the time and resources to go into every detail, have more and more 9__________ the power to make these regulations, known as administrative law, in the hands of regulatory agencies. This has been a 10__________ change in our legal system since the Constitution was first adopted. 11__________ all these sources of law, situations can still arise that are not 12_________by any of them. When this occurs, it is up to 13_________ to determine the law. In doing so they turn to a body of past cases setting out rules for 14_________such problems. These rules, based on 15__________ dating back to precolonial England, are known as the common law. This means that judges not only interpret the other types of law but can also make law.

听力原文：Governments from Singapore to South Korea are increasingly lifting restrictions on gambling. But gamblers do not have to wait for new casinos to open to place their bets: They can just use their mobile phones. Telecommunications analysts predict that Asia will catch up soon. British Informa, a telecom and media consulting company, forecasts that close to 100 million people in the Asia-Pacific region will use mobile phones to place bets in 2010, half of the users globally. The mobile gambling market in Asia is still limited by the lack of suitable phones. Another obstacle for gaming operators is the unclear legal situation in many places.

What is one of the main reasons that restrict the mobile gambling market in Asia?

A．Restrictions from the governments.

B．The technological restrictions.

C．The unclear situation of mobile gambling.

D．The insufficient number of gaming operators.