简述MARS的原理。

（此次互评作业推荐使用MARS（MIPS Assembler and Runtime Simulator）集成开发环境作为实验平台，MARS是密苏里州立大学为配合《计算机组成与设计》一书，开发的一款专用于教学的MIPS汇编语言模拟器，并提供了丰富的调试功能。 MARS的官网链接如下：http://courses.missouristate.edu/KenVollmar/Mars/index.htm ， 建议下载4.4版本。 官网提供了MARS下载安装的教程，同学们可以参考教程并在自己的机器上完成搭建MARS集成开发环境的过程。） 第一题：用系统功能调用实现简单输入输出 利用系统功能调用从键盘输入，转换后在屏幕上显示，具体要求如下： (1) 如果输入的是字母（A~Z，区分大小写）或数字（0~9），则将其转换成对应的英文单词后在屏幕上显示，对应关系见下表 (2) 若输入的不是字母或数字，则在屏幕上输出字符“*”， (3) 每输入一个字符，即时转换并在屏幕上显示， (4) 支持反复输入，直到按“?”键结束程序。 A Alpha N November 1 First a alpha n november B Bravo O Oscar 2 Second b bravo o oscar C China P Paper 3 Third c china p paper D Delta Q Quebec 4 Fourth d delta q quebec E Echo R Research 5 Fifth e echo r research F Foxtrot S Sierra 6 Sixth f foxtrot s sierra G Golf T Tango 7 Seventh g golf t tango H Hotel U Uniform 8 Eighth h hotel u uniform I India V Victor 9 Ninth i india v victor J Juliet W Whisky 0 zero j juliet w whisky K Kilo X X-ray k kilo x x-ray L Lima Y Yankee l lima y yankee M Mary Z Zulu m mary z zulu

Which is an inferior planet ().

A.Mars

B.Venus

C.Neptune

D.Pluto

A．急性肝衰竭

B．慢性肝衰竭急性加重

C．HRS 患者

D．急性肾衰合并肝损伤

A. 2/4

B. 4/4

C. 2/2

D. 4/2

According to the passage, what has been a major focus of research about Mars?

A．How Mars compares to other planets in the solar system

B．Who built the network of canals on the surface of Mars

C．Whether signs of water indicate that life has existed on Mars

D．How soon astronauts from Earth will be able to go to Mars

Suppose we built a robot(机器人)to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探测器)to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.

According to the evolutionary(进化的)theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny(否认)that sleep provides some important restorative functions(恢复功能). It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform. those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into;it does not protect us form. trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.

The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival(生存)depends on their ability to run away from attackers.

1. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _____.

A. the differences between robots and men

B. the reason why men need to sleep

C. about the need for robots to save power

D. about the danger of men working at night

2. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him _____.

A. keep up a regular pattern of life

B. prevent trouble that comes looking for him

C. avoid danger and inefficient labour

D. restore his bodily functions

3. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.

A. are worrying about our safety

B. are overworked

C. are in a tent

D. are away from home

4. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.

A. need more time for restoration

B. are unlikely to be attackers

C. are more alive than horses when they are awake

D. spend less time eating to get enough energy

5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? _____

A. Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.

B. The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.

C. Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.

D. The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.

A. 双相相移频键控-时分多路复用方式

B. 双相相移频键控-时分多址接续方式

C. 有压扩的调频--单载波方式

D. A/B/C

Mars公司正在使用Mars棒棒糖等自产的糖果产品制作冰淇淋。那么这个公司运用的市场策略是()。

A、产品开发

B、多样化经营

C、市场开发

D、市场渗透

What is considered as a wrong way to search for evidence of life on Mars?