Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has, of course, shown

根据以下内容，回答题。

Passage Two

Hair loss is one of those things we still do not understand. Science has， of course， shown that men are more likely than women to suffer major hair loss. Some kinds of hair loss are temporary （暂时的）， an effect of illness. In those cases we can expect the hair to grow back.

It all depends on whether the hair root is alive. If it is not， hair loss is permanent and nothing will help.

Some daily loss of hair is a normal， healthy sign. Most people lose between 40 to 50 scalp hairs each day.

Each of these scalp hairs grows for from two to six years and then rests. About three months later it is pushed out by a new hair growing from the same root.

This is not something that should cause great concern.

Something else we know is that normal hair loss is seasonal， with the most hair loss occurring in the fall. Everyone experiences a normal cycle of loss and growth.

The problem of hair loss results when loss is greater than growth.

The main cause of hair loss in men seems to be accumulation （ 积累） of a hormone（ 荷尔蒙） in the body. When that hormone reaches a certain level， the hair growing period is shortened and hair loss is the result. This is no cure for most cases of hair loss. This， however， is not the end of the world.

According to science，__________. 查看材料

A.hair loss is a normal， healthy sign

B.man should pay special attention to hair loss

C.it"s likely that men have more problems of hair loss

D.men lose more hair than women do

Slang(俚语) is one of those things that everybody can recognize and nobody can define(下定义). Not only is it hard to wrap slang in a definition, it is also hard to distinguish (区别)it from such similar things as colloquialism (口语) , provincialism (方言) , jargon (行话) or trade talk (行业话).

Usually, slang tends to be transient (短暂的). Thus their children often laugh at parents when this older generation uses slang which was considered to be the height of fashion in their own youth. Of course, the slang teenage children use today is very different from that of their parents. Indeed it might ever be some obscure (晦涩的) foreign language as far as the older generation is concerned for it is totally beyond their understanding.

It is often said that a slang term stops to be slang when it is "accepted by the dictionary". This is not really the ease. You will find many slang terms listed in dictionaries are still slang terms. The term stops to be slang when it drives (派生) its respectable synonym (同义词)out of use, or when it gets a meaning that cannot be expressed otherwise.

Such things have happened. The term "hot dog" was once a slang term, but it couldn't be considered so now. No one in America would go up to a counter and order "a sausage sandwich". Similarly "vanity", originally a slang contraction (缩写) of university, has acquired a special meaning which only it expresses and is no longer slang. Jazz, when it means a particular kind of music, is scarcely a slang form, since there is no more respectable word meaning that kind of music.

What can readers know about slang from this article?

A．Nobody has defined and recognized slang, although they are used by a generation after another generation.

B．Slang tends to be transient though they have found their way in dictionaries.

C．Having difficulty in defining slang and telling slang from similar things, people still use slang frequently.

D．Slang can be totally beyond the understanding of the old.

Sleep

Sleep is one of those funny things about being a human being -- you just have' to do it. Have you ever wondered why? And what about the crazy dreams, like the one where a bad per son is chasing you and you can't run or yell. Does that make any sense?

Characteristics of Sleep

When we see someone sleeping, we recognize the following characteristics:

If possible, the person will lie down to go to sleep.

The person's eyes are closed.

The person doesn't hear anything unless it is a loud noise.

The person breathes in a slow, rhythmic pattern.

The person's muscles are completely relaxed. If sitting up, the person may fall out of his or her chair as sleep deepens.

During sleep, the person occasionally rolls over or rearranges his or her body. This happens approximately once or twice an hour. This may be ,the body's way of making sure that no part of the body or skin has its circulation cut off for too long a period of time.

In addition to these outward signs, the heart slows down and the brain does some pretty funky things.

In other words, a sleeping person is unconscious to most things happening in the environment. The biggest difference between someone who is asleep and someone who has fainted or gone into a coma is the fact that a sleeping person can be aroused if the stimulus is strong enough. If you shake the person, yell loudly or flash a bright light, a sleeping person will wake up.

Who Sleeps?

Reptiles(爬行动物), birds and mammals(哺乳动物)all sleep. That is, they become unconscious to their surroundings for periods of time. Some fish and amphibians reduce their aware ness but do not ever become unconscious like the higher vertebrates do. Insects do not appear to sleep, although they may become inactive in daylight or darkness.

By studying brainwaves, it is known that reptiles do not dream. Birds dream a little. Mammals all dream' during sleep.

Different animals sleep in different ways. Some animals, like humans, prefer to sleep in one long session. Other animals like to sleep in many short bursts. Some Sleep at night, while others sleep during the day.

Sleep and the Brain

If you attach an electroencephalograph to a person's head, you can record the person's brainwave activity. An awake and relaxed person generates alpha waves, which are consistent oscillations at about 10 cycles per second. An alert person generates beta waves, which are a bout twice as fast.

During sleep, two slower patterns called theta waves and delta waves take over. Theta waves have oscillations in the range of 3.5 to 7 cycles per second, and delta waves have oscillations of less than 3. 5 cycles per second. As a person falls asleep and sleep deepens, the brain wave patterns slow down. A person deep in delta wave sleep is hardest to wake up.

REM Sleep

At several points during the night, something unexpected happens -- rapid eye movement(REM)sleep occurs. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep per night, and brainwaves during this period speed up to awake levels. If you ever watch a person or a dog experiencing REM sleep, you will see their eyes flickering back and forth rapidly. In many dogs and some people, arms, legs and facial muscles will twitch during REM sleep. Periods of sleep other than REM sleep are known as NREM(non-REM)sleep.

REM sleep is when you dream. If you wake up a person during REM sleep, the person can vividly recall dreams. If you wake up a person during NREM sleep, generally the person .will not be dreaming.

You must have both REM and NREM sleep to get a good night's sleep. A normal person will spend about 25 percent of the night in REM sleep, and the rest in NREM. A REM session -- a dream -- lasts five to 30 minutes.

When You Miss Som

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

听力原文： Listening is one of the first things we learn to do, and one of the things we do most. The average person spends 9% of his daily communication time writing, 16% reading, 30% speaking and 45% listening. Students spend most of their school time listening, up to 60% according to some studies. Yet despite its importance, we usually take our ability to listen for granted. As we've already said, though, listening isn't easy. In the first place, we're surrounded by noise: the sound of traffic, the roar of jets overhead, even the start tick on the telephone line, which makes any listening job a challenge. In the second place, we often don't seem to remember even when we do listen, by the time a speaker has finished a ten minutes' speech, the average person has already forgotten half of what was said. Within 48 hours, another fifty percent has been forgotten. In other words, we quickly forget nearly all of what we hear. Unfortunately, the cost of poor listening is high. Poor listening may keep you from doing well on an exam, but it can cost all of us much more. One of the greatest tragedies in the history of sea travel occurred on the night of April 14th, 1912, when the crew of the TITANIC refused to listen to repeated warnings of iceberg. Even after the ship struck an iceberg and was obviously sinking, some of the passengers ignored the captain's orders to get into the lifeboats.

(43)

A．Writing.

B．Reading.

C．Speaking.

D．Listening.

Questions are based on the following passage．

Gravity is one of those things we take completely for granted. And there are twothings about it that we take for granted: the fact that it is always there， and the fact thatit never changes. If the Earth"s gravity were ever to change significantly， it would have ahuge effect on nearly everything because so many things are designed around the currentstate of gravity.

Gravity is an attractive force between any two atoms. Let"s say you take two golfballs and place them on a table. There will be an incredibly slight gravitational attractionbetween the atoms in those two golf balls. If you use two massive pieces of lead andsome amazingly precise instruments， you can actually measure an infinitesimal attractionbetween them. It is only when you get a gigantic number of atoms together， that the forceof gravitational attraction is significant.

The reason why gravity on Earth never changes is because the mass of the Earthnever changes. A change in mass great enough to result in a change in gravity isn"t goingto happen anytime soon.

But let"s ignore the physics and imagine that， suddenly there was no force of gravityon planet Earth. This would turn out to be a pretty bad day. We depend on gravity to .holdso many things down——cars， people， furniture， pencils and papers on your desk， and soon. Everything would start to float. What"s more， two of the more important things heldon the ground by gravity are the atmosphere and the water in the oceans， lakes and rivers.

Without gravity， the air in the atmosphere would immediately leap into space. This is theproblem the moon has——the moon doesn"t have enough gravity to keep an atmospherearound it， so it"s in a near vacuum. Without an atmosphere， any living thing would dieimmediately and anything liquid would boil away into space.

In other words， no one would last long if the planet didn"t have gravity.

If gravity were to suddenly double， it would be almost as bad， because everythingwould be twice as heavy. There would be big problems with anything structural. Houses，bridges， skyscrapers， table legs and so on are all sized for normal gravity. Most structureswould collapse fairly quickly if you doubled the load on them.

What this answer shows you is just how integral gravity is to our world. We can"tlive without it. It is one of the true constants in our lives.

What do we tend to think of gravity? 查看材料

A.It will never change significantly.

B.It will change some time in the future.

C.It has nothing to do with our daily life.

D.It is always there on Earth.

Language acquisition is one of the central topics in cognitive science. Every theory of cognition has tried to explain it. Possessing a language is the quintessentially human trait: all common humans speak, no nonhuman ani-【M1】______ mal does. Language is main vehicle by which we know about other peoples【M2】______ thoughts, and the two must be intimately related. Every time we speak we are revealing something about language, because the facts of language【M3】______ structure are easy to come by: these data hints at a system of extraordinary【M4】______ complexity. Nonetheless, learning a first language is something every child does successfully, as a matter of a few years and without the need for formal【M5】______ lessons. With language so close to the core of what it means to be human, it is not surprising that childrens acquisition of language has received so much attention. A relating question is whether language is unique to humans. At first【M6】______ glance the answer seems obvious. Other all animals communicate with a fixed【M7】______ repertoire of symbols, or with analogue variation like the mercury in a thermometer. But nothing appears to have the combinatorial rule system of【M8】______ human language, in which symbols are changed into an unlimited set of combinations, each with a determinate meaning. On the other hand, many other claims about human uniqueness, such like that humans were the only animals【M9】______ to use tools or to fabricate them, have turned into to be false.【M10】______

【M1】

He is one of those men who dislike work intensely and will do anything to avoid it.

A．extremely

B．very much

C．severely

D．a large amount

1 Divorce is one of those creations, like fast food and lite rock. that have more peoplewilling to indulge in it than people willing to defend it. Back in the 1960s, easier divorce was hailed as a needed remedy for toxic relationships. But familiarity has bred contempt. In recent years, the divorce revolution has been blamed for worsening all sorts of problems without bringing happiness to people in unhappy marriages.

2 There's a lot of evidence that marital breakup does more social harm than good. In their 2000 book, "The Case for Marriage", Linda Waite and Maggie Gallagher document that adults who are married do better than singles in wealth, health and personal satisfaction. Children living with a divorced or unwed single parent are more likely to fall into poverty, sickness and crime than other kids.

3 Marriage is a good thing, most people agree, while divorce is, at best, a necessary evil. So the laws that accompanied the divorce revolution have come under fire for destroying families and weakening safeguards for spouses who keep their vows.

4 Waite and Gallagher argue that loose divorce laws harm even intact households by fostering chronic uncertainty. Louisiana, in line with this criticism, has gone so far as to provide a "covenant marriage" option for couples who want the protection of stricter divorce rules.

5 It may seem obvious that easier divorce laws make for more divorce and more insecurity. But what is obvious is not necessarily true. What two scholars have found is that when you make divorce easier to get, you may actually produce better marriages.

6 In the old days, anyone who wanted to escape from the trials of wedlock had to get his or her spouse to agree to a split, or else go to court to prove the partner had done something terribly wrong (such as committing adultery). The '60s and '70s brought "no-fault" divorce, which is also known as "unilateral divorce", since either party can bring it about without the consent of the other.

7 The first surprise is that looser divorce laws have actually had little effect on the number of marriages that fall apart. Economist Justin Wolfers of Stanford University, in a study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found that when California passed a no-fault divorce law in 1970, the divorce rate jumped, then fell back to its old level and then fell some more. That was also the pattern in other states that loosened their laws. Over time, he estimates, the chance that a first marriage would break up rose by just one-fourth of 1 percentage point, which is next to nothing.

8 In short, nothing bad happened. But in another NBER paper, Wolfers and fellow economist Betsey Stevenson, who will soon be associated with the University of Pennsylvania, report that in states that relaxed their divorce laws, some very good things happened: Fewer women committed suicide, and fewer were murdered by husbands or other "intimate" partners. In addition, both men and women suffered less domestic violence, compared to states that didn't change their laws.

9 We're not talking about tiny improvements here. Wolfers and Stevenson say that in no-fault states, there was a 10 percent drop in a woman's chance of being killed by her spouse or boyfriend. The rate of female suicide in new no-fault states fell by about 20percent. The effect was more dramatic still for domestic violence-which "declined by somewhere between a quarter and a half between 1976 and 1985 in those states that reformed their divorce laws", according to Stevenson and Wolfers.

10 What could account for these surprising benefits? Something simple: A change in divorce laws alters the balance of power in a marriage, giving more leverage to the weaker or more vulnerable spouse. If either partner can demand a divorce, each has a greater incentive to keep the other content. If an abused spouse has an open exit, some abusers and potent

A．defending divorce

B．practising divorce

C．facilitating divorce

D．indulging in divorce

1 Divorce is one of those creations, like fast food and lite rock, that have more people willing to indulge in it than people willing to defend it. Back in the 1960s, easier divorce was hailed as a needed remedy for toxic relationships. But familiarity has bred contempt. In recent years, the divorce revolution has been blamed for worsening all sorts of problems without bringing happiness to people in unhappy marriages.

2 There's a lot of evidence that marital breakup does more social harm than good. In their 2000 book, "The Case for Marriage", Linda Waite and Maggie Gallagher document that adults who are married do better than singles in wealth, health and personal satisfaction. Children living with a divorced or unwed single parent are more likely to fall into poverty, sickness and crime than other kids.

3 Marriage is a good thing, most people agree, while divorce is, at best, a necessary evil. So the laws that accompanied the divorce revolution have come under fire for destroying families and weakening safeguards for spouses who keep their vows.

4 Waite and Gallagher argue that loose divorce laws harm even intact households by fostering chronic uncertainty. Louisiana, in line with this criticism, has gone so far as to provide a "covenant marriage" option for couples who want the protection of stricter divorce rules.

5 It may seem obvious that easier divorce laws make for more divorce and more insecurity. But what is obvious is not necessarily true. What two scholars have found is that when you make divorce easier to get, you may actually produce better marriages.

6 In the old days, anyone who wanted to escape from the trials of wedlock had to get his or her spouse to agree to a split, or else go to court to prove the partner had done something terribly wrong (such as committing adultery). The '60s and '70s brought "no-fault" divorce, which is also known as "unilateral divorce", since either party can bring it about without the consent of the other.

7 The first surprise is that looser divorce laws have actually had little effect on the number of marriages that fall apart. Economist Justin Wolfers of Stanford University, in a study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found that when California passed a no-fault divorce law in 1970, the divorce rate jumped, then fell back to its old level—and then fell some more. That was also the pattern in other states that loosened their laws. Over time, he estimates, the chance that a first marriage would break up rose by just one-fourth of 1 percentage point, which is next to nothing.

8 In short, nothing bad happened. But in another NBER paper, Wolfers and fellow economist Betsey Stevenson, who will soon be associated with the University of Pennsylvania, report that in states that relaxed their divorce laws, some very good things happened: Fewer women committed suicide, and fewer were murdered by husbands or other "intimate" partners. In addition, both men and women suffered less domestic violence, compared to states that didn't change their laws.

9 We're not talking about tiny improvements here. Wolfers and Stevenson say that in no-fault states, there was a 10 percent drop in a woman's chance of being killed by her spouse or boyfriend. The rate of female suicide in new no-fault states fell by about 20 percent. The effect was more dramatic still for domestic violence—which "declined by somewhere between a quarter and a half between 1976 and 1985 in those states that reformed their divorce laws", according to Stevenson and Wolfers.

10 What could account for these surprising benefits? Something simple: A change in divorce laws alters the balance of power in a marriage, giving more leverage to the weaker or more vulnerable spouse. If either partner can demand a divorce,

A．defending divorce

B．practising divorce

C．facilitating divorce

D．indulging in divorce