So why, reading experts ask, do schools expect children to read — and love to read — when they are given material that is frequently too hard for them?
Science and social studies textbooks arc at least a grade above the reading levels of many students, experts say, and in some suburban and urban school systems, reading lists can include books hard for some adults to tackle.
Toni Morrison's award-winning novel "Beloved," about a former slave' s decision to kill her child rather than see her enslaved, is on some middle schools' lists for kids to read unassisted. And elementary schools sometimes ask students to read books such as "The Bridge to Terabithia," with themes about death and gender roles that librarians say are better suited for older children.
To be sure, pushing some students to challenge themselves is important, educators say. But there are points where kids read books before they can truly comprehend them and then lose the beauty of the work.
"Teachers studied ' The Great Gatsby' in college and then want to teach that book because they have smart things to say about it, and they teach it in high school," Catkins said. "Then schools want to get their middle school kids ready for high school so they teach them ' The Catcher in the Rye.' It' s a whole cultural thing."
In large part, he Richard Allington, a leading researcher on reading instruction and a professor of reading education at the University of Tennessee, blames inappropriately chosen books for students' reading woes, especially in school systems where large percentages of children read below grade level. The average fifth-grade student in Detroit and Baltimore, for example, reads at a third-grade level, he said, but schools still give them fifth-grade core reading and social studies texts.
That, he said, crushes a child' s motivation.
"If you made me education magician and I had one thing that l could pull off, it would be that every kid in this country had a desk full of books that they could actually read accurately, fluently, with comprehension," he said.
Soft Sinozich, a seventh-grader in the Humanities and Communications Magnet Program at Eastern Middle School in Montgomery County, said she would like to be assigned books that speak to her.
In sixth-grade English, "graphic novels [were] excluded, which annoyed many of us," said Sofi, who is partial to Japanese comics called manga because she finds the style. beautiful and the stories well done.
Many teachers exclude graphic novels and comics from reading lists, even though a graphic novel was nominated for the National Book Award this year. And Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, has said he learned to read through comics after his schoolmaster father disregarded others who said they would lead to no good.
So should kids read Shakespeare or the comics? Graphic novels or "To Kill a Mockingbird"? Reading experts say they should read everything — when they are ready to understand what they are reading.
The novel "Beloved" of Toni Morrison is cited as an example to show that this book is —. for children to read.
A.easy
B.difficult
C.suitable
D.bad
第1题
A.双手X线片
B.双手超声
C.双手MRI
D.双膝关节超声
E.双膝关节MRI
F.全身核素骨显像G.腰椎和股骨头双能X线测量骨密度
第2题
A.双手X线片:左手ⅡMCP掌骨头边缘虫蚀样改变
B.双手超声:双腕和左手ⅡMCP滑膜增生,能量多普勒信号Ⅲ级
C.双手MRI:双腕和左MCP骨水肿
D.双手超声:左手ⅡMCP骨质不连续
E.双手MRI:左手ⅡMCP骨质破坏
F.全身核素骨显像正常
G.腰椎和股骨头双能X线测量骨密度T值小于2.5
第3题
B.双手超声:左腕、左手ⅡMCP和右手ⅡMCP和PIP能量多普勒信号Ⅲ级
C.双手MRI:双腕、双手Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣMCP和PIP滑膜炎
D.双膝关节超声:关节腔积液,滑膜增生,能量多普勒Ⅲ级
E.双膝关节MRI:关节腔积液,骨水肿和滑膜炎
F.全身核素骨显像:双膝和双腕有核素异常浓聚
G.腰椎和股骨头双能X线测量骨密度T值小于1
H.双手X线片:左手ⅡMCP掌骨头边缘虫蚀样改变
I.双手超声:双腕,双手Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣMCP和PIP滑膜增生伴能量多普勒信号
J、双手MRI:左腕滑膜炎,左手ⅡMCP和右手ⅡMCP和PIP滑膜炎
K、双膝关节超声:关节腔积液,骨赘形成
L、双膝关节MRI:骨水肿
第4题
A. 血常规
B. 红细胞沉降率
C. 类风湿因子
D. 抗角蛋白抗体(AKA.、抗核周因子(APF.抗体、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体
E. 抗核抗体
F . 双手X线片
G . 双膝关节X线片
第5题
A.患者教育
B. 物理治疗
C. 非甾体消炎药
D. 软骨保护剂
E. 环磷酰胺F . 硫唑嘌呤
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