【M1】
第1题
forecasts showing that 40 percent of the population will have been 65 and over in 2055.【M1】______ Some of the consequences have been long foreseen, like deflation: as more Japanese retire and live off their savings, they spend more, further depressing Japans anemic levels of domestic【M2】______ consumption. So a less anticipated outcome has been the【M3】______ appearance of generational inequalities. These disparities manifest itself in many ways. There are【M4】______ corporations that hire all too many young people for low-paying jobs—in effect, forcing them to shoulder the costs of preserving cushier jobs to older employees. Others point to【M5】______ an underfinanced pension system so skewed in the favor of【M6】______ older Japanese that many younger workers simply refuse to pay; a "silver democracy" that spends far more on the elderly than education and child care—an issue that is familiar to【M7】______ Americans; and outdated hiring practices that have created a new "lost generation" of disenfranchised youths. Nagisa Inoue, a senior at Tokyos Meiji University, said she was considering paying for a fifth year at her university rather than graduate without a job, an outcome that in Japans rigid【M8】______ job market might permanently taint her chances of ever getting a higher-paying corporate job. That is why Japanese【M9】______ companies, even when they do offer stable, regular jobs, prefer to give them only to new graduates, which are seen as the【M10】______ more malleable candidates for molding into Japans corporate culture.
【M1】
第2题
Abakanowicz has said. Arts education, on the other hand, does not solve problems.【M1】______ Years of research shows that its closely linked to almost anything that we as a nation say we want for our children and【M2】______ demand to our schools: academic achievement, social and【M3】______ emotional development, civic engagement, and equitable opportunity. Involvement in the arts is associated with gains in math, reading, cognitive ability, critical thinking, and verbal skill. Arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration, confidence, and teamwork. A report by the Rand Corporation about the visual arts argue that the intrinsic pleasures and【M4】______ stimulation of the art experience have more than sweeten an【M5】______ individuals life—according to the report, they " can connect people more deeply to the world and open them in new ways【M6】______ of seeing," creating the foundation to forge social bonds and community cohesion. And strong arts programming in schools helps close a gap that has left many child behind: From【M7】______ Mozart for babies to tutus for toddlers to family trips to the museum, the children of affluent, aspired parents generally get【M8】______ exposed to the arts whether or not public schools provide it.【M9】______ Low-income children, often, do not. " Arts education enables those children from a financially challenged background to have a more level playing field with children who have had those enrichment experience," says Eric Cooper, president and【M10】______ founder of the National Urban Alliance for Effective Education.
【M1】
第3题
be so simple as giving birth【M1】______ to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands of children found two-year gap to be optimum in boosting brain【M2】______ power. Any shorter, and the reading and maths skills of the older child dipped. The effect was strongest between the first and second-born, but siblings in bigger families are also【M3】______ benefited. The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whose own children are, rather unfortunately, just over two years【M4】______ apart in age. She said it is likely that the difference in academic achievement is linked to the time and resources parents can invest in a child before a young sibling arrives.【M5】______ However, waiting for more than two years did not increase【M6】______ the advantage, the Journal of Human Resources will report. Siblings with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and sister Maja, and Lord Attenborough and younger brother David. Kasey Buckles, who lead the study told the Sunday【M7】______ Times: "We believe this is the first time anyone has established a casual benefit to increase the spacing between siblings." The study also showed that gaps between children in larger families was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper: "The【M8】______ two year gap is significant because the early years are the most important in a childs development so dividing your time when the child is one is more harmful than dividing it when the child is already at school." The effect more pronounced in【M9】______ families with lower incomes, as those with less money could【M10】______ spend to compromise for lack of time.
【M1】
第4题
to be on the road to become【M1】______ overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. "Its not just kids are already overweight getting more and more【M2】______ so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight【M3】______ are gaining weight," said lead study author Ashlesha Datar, serious economist at RAND Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif.【M4】______ Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and【M5】______ Hispanic children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—a nationally representative example—and【M6】______ had their height and weight measure over nine years, in【M7】______ kindergarten, first, third, fifth and eighth grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had a body mass index(BMT)in the 75th percentile or above, down【M8】______ from 25 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth charts are developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and【M9】______ Prevention. While a BMI in the 75th percentile is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if theyre already at the 75th percentile in kindergarten, they dont have far to go before they tip the【M10】______ overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of serious health problems as adults.
【M1】
第5题
gerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some unique challenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space【M1】______ prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The【M2】______ temperatures can swing wildly depending on whether the robot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is【M3】______ almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique designs. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. On earth it would be possible for this robot to support its own【M4】______ weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles and through out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge【M5】______ degree of fault tolerance. It can continue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fail. NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer(FTS)in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger and complex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning【M6】______ robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicle by 1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS【M7】______ project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. The robot never flew and never will because it was never【M8】______ completed. This project demonstrated that fault tolerance gone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many【M9】______ redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong.【M10】______
【M1】
第6题
entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he took his company through his vision whenever he was at helm. In【M1】______ fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his【M2】______ ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for【M3】______ the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacles which the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially【M4】______ in its leaders. Although we set out with and towards a good【M5】______ vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure. Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a【M6】______ slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with【M7】______ the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of the rest,【M8】______ perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breaking product like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was【M9】______ "people dont know what they want. We tell them and give them that." How amazing it would be if believers have the【M10】______ same approach? We are often happy with what we have and we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don t quite know that they are lost? They won t approach us(more often than not) with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.
【M1】
第7题
r more times—this can lead to feeling out of breath and a range of other symptoms such as tingling in the fingers and around the lips, heart palpitations, tiredness, inability to concentrate on and irritable bowel syndrome, explains Fiona【M1】______ Troup, a physiotherapist at Six Physio in London. The symptoms are a sign youre breathing through the mouth instead of doing deeper breathing through the nose. This leads a【M2】______ fall in carbon dioxide levels in the blood—as a result of, oxygen【M3】______ cant be released to the muscles and organs. This causes muscle spasms, often in the colon where can【M4】______ exacerbate or lead to IBS; meanwhile if the brain is derived of【M5】______ sufficient oxygen levels, it can cause confusion and dizziness. "Fast breathing is basically a bad habit, often results from【M6】______ period of elevated stress, back or neck pain, emotional trauma or【M7】______ surgery," says Ms Troup. One seminal study suggested as many as 10 per cent of those attending general practice suffered this【M8】______ problem. Over-breathing, as it is known, shouldnt have any long-term health implications, says Stephen Spiro, professor of respiratory medicine at University College London Hospitals and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation. Therefore, rapid【M9】______ breathing and breathless can be a sign of lung disease, particularly【M10】______ asthma and bronchitis. With these conditions, the airways in the lungs narrow, so its physically harder for the air to travel in and out.
【M1】
第8题
soldiers, according to a study. In both cases the brain becomes increasing wary of potential threats.【M1】______ Children who suffer abuse or witness domestic violence are known to be at greater risk of anxiety and depression in late life.【M2】______ Scientists carried out magnetic resonance imaging brain scans on 20 London children with an average age of 12 who have been【M3】______ exposed to documented violence at home. All had referred to local【M4】______ social services. While in the scanner, the children were shown pictures of male or female faces with sad, calm or angry【M5】______ expressions. Their patterns of brain activity were compared with that of 23 matched children with no history of family violence.【M6】______ The children exposed to violence responded in the distinct way to【M7】______ angry faces, the study found. Their brains showed heightened activation in two regions associated with threat detection. Previous research has shown a similar pattern in the brains of soldiers exposed to violence combat situations. The scans suggest both combat veteran soldiers and children who witness violence tuning their brains to be hyper-aware of environmental danger.【M8】______ Lead author Dr Eamon McCrory, from UCLs Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, said: "We are only now beginning to understand how child abuse influences function of the【M9】______ brains emotional systems. This research is important because it provides with our first clues as to how regions in the childs brain【M10】______ may adapt to early experiences of abuse in the home."
【M1】
第9题
t time, its digital books had outsold than paper books. This trend of going digital does【M1】______ not hold true for all books: While many popular consumer books have successfully made the switch into the new form,【M2】______ textbooks are already widely read on paper. Textbooks are【M3】______ gaining, consequently, as publishers take advantage of the【M4】______ popularity of tablets like the Kindle and iPad, expanding their catalogues and offering products like rent digital books that【M5】______ expire after a semester or two. The potential for digital growth is leading publishers to experiment products that stretch the boundaries of traditional【M6】______ textbooks, slowly turning away from static text and images toward multimedia, intuitive approach, publishers say.【M7】______ "Textbooks as e-books ought to be seen as a stepping stone of【M8】______ the future," said Mark Majurey of Taylor & Francis, a textbook publisher in Britain. Digital textbooks are any books which can be downloaded【M9】______ to an e-reader or computer or those that can be read online using a Web browser. While no one keeps precise numbers of digital textbook sales globally, a number of companies have seen similar growth patterns and nearly identical market share. According to the Student Monitor, a private student market research company based in New Jersey, about 5 percent of all textbooks required in the autumn in the United States were【M10】______ digital textbooks. That is more than double the 2.1 percent of the spring semester.
【M1】
第10题
ctive grammar. There are very few restriction on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette is【M1】______ concerned mainly about the form. of your conversation, not the【M2】______ content. When a regular enters into the pub, you will often hear a【M3】______ chorus of friendly greetings from the other regulars, the publican【M4】______ and bar staff. The regular responds to each greeting, usually addressed the greeter by name or nickname. No one is conscious【M5】______ of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. The words may not even be particular polite: a regular may be【M6】______ greeted with " Back again, Joe?—havent you got a home to go to?" or "Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! ". When you first enter a pub, dont just drink—start by saying "Good evening" and【M7】______ "Good morning", with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this will trigger an automatic, reflex greeting-response, if it is only a nod.【M8】______ Dont worry if the initial respond is somewhat reserved. By【M9】______ greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an instant regular, it will be noticed, your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be【M10】______ received more favorably.
【M1】
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