Todays kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up in the 1970s and 1980s and appear

gerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some unique challenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space【M1】______ prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The【M2】______ temperatures can swing wildly depending on whether the robot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is【M3】______ almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique designs. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. On earth it would be possible for this robot to support its own【M4】______ weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles and through out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge【M5】______ degree of fault tolerance. It can continue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fail. NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer(FTS)in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger and complex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning【M6】______ robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicle by 1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS【M7】______ project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. The robot never flew and never will because it was never【M8】______ completed. This project demonstrated that fault tolerance gone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many【M9】______ redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong.【M10】______

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entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he took his company through his vision whenever he was at helm. In【M1】______ fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his【M2】______ ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for【M3】______ the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacles which the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially【M4】______ in its leaders. Although we set out with and towards a good【M5】______ vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure. Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a【M6】______ slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with【M7】______ the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of the rest,【M8】______ perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breaking product like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was【M9】______ "people dont know what they want. We tell them and give them that." How amazing it would be if believers have the【M10】______ same approach? We are often happy with what we have and we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don t quite know that they are lost? They won t approach us(more often than not) with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.

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r more times—this can lead to feeling out of breath and a range of other symptoms such as tingling in the fingers and around the lips, heart palpitations, tiredness, inability to concentrate on and irritable bowel syndrome, explains Fiona【M1】______ Troup, a physiotherapist at Six Physio in London. The symptoms are a sign youre breathing through the mouth instead of doing deeper breathing through the nose. This leads a【M2】______ fall in carbon dioxide levels in the blood—as a result of, oxygen【M3】______ cant be released to the muscles and organs. This causes muscle spasms, often in the colon where can【M4】______ exacerbate or lead to IBS; meanwhile if the brain is derived of【M5】______ sufficient oxygen levels, it can cause confusion and dizziness. "Fast breathing is basically a bad habit, often results from【M6】______ period of elevated stress, back or neck pain, emotional trauma or【M7】______ surgery," says Ms Troup. One seminal study suggested as many as 10 per cent of those attending general practice suffered this【M8】______ problem. Over-breathing, as it is known, shouldnt have any long-term health implications, says Stephen Spiro, professor of respiratory medicine at University College London Hospitals and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation. Therefore, rapid【M9】______ breathing and breathless can be a sign of lung disease, particularly【M10】______ asthma and bronchitis. With these conditions, the airways in the lungs narrow, so its physically harder for the air to travel in and out.

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soldiers, according to a study. In both cases the brain becomes increasing wary of potential threats.【M1】______ Children who suffer abuse or witness domestic violence are known to be at greater risk of anxiety and depression in late life.【M2】______ Scientists carried out magnetic resonance imaging brain scans on 20 London children with an average age of 12 who have been【M3】______ exposed to documented violence at home. All had referred to local【M4】______ social services. While in the scanner, the children were shown pictures of male or female faces with sad, calm or angry【M5】______ expressions. Their patterns of brain activity were compared with that of 23 matched children with no history of family violence.【M6】______ The children exposed to violence responded in the distinct way to【M7】______ angry faces, the study found. Their brains showed heightened activation in two regions associated with threat detection. Previous research has shown a similar pattern in the brains of soldiers exposed to violence combat situations. The scans suggest both combat veteran soldiers and children who witness violence tuning their brains to be hyper-aware of environmental danger.【M8】______ Lead author Dr Eamon McCrory, from UCLs Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, said: "We are only now beginning to understand how child abuse influences function of the【M9】______ brains emotional systems. This research is important because it provides with our first clues as to how regions in the childs brain【M10】______ may adapt to early experiences of abuse in the home."

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t time, its digital books had outsold than paper books. This trend of going digital does【M1】______ not hold true for all books: While many popular consumer books have successfully made the switch into the new form,【M2】______ textbooks are already widely read on paper. Textbooks are【M3】______ gaining, consequently, as publishers take advantage of the【M4】______ popularity of tablets like the Kindle and iPad, expanding their catalogues and offering products like rent digital books that【M5】______ expire after a semester or two. The potential for digital growth is leading publishers to experiment products that stretch the boundaries of traditional【M6】______ textbooks, slowly turning away from static text and images toward multimedia, intuitive approach, publishers say.【M7】______ "Textbooks as e-books ought to be seen as a stepping stone of【M8】______ the future," said Mark Majurey of Taylor & Francis, a textbook publisher in Britain. Digital textbooks are any books which can be downloaded【M9】______ to an e-reader or computer or those that can be read online using a Web browser. While no one keeps precise numbers of digital textbook sales globally, a number of companies have seen similar growth patterns and nearly identical market share. According to the Student Monitor, a private student market research company based in New Jersey, about 5 percent of all textbooks required in the autumn in the United States were【M10】______ digital textbooks. That is more than double the 2.1 percent of the spring semester.

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ctive grammar. There are very few restriction on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette is【M1】______ concerned mainly about the form. of your conversation, not the【M2】______ content. When a regular enters into the pub, you will often hear a【M3】______ chorus of friendly greetings from the other regulars, the publican【M4】______ and bar staff. The regular responds to each greeting, usually addressed the greeter by name or nickname. No one is conscious【M5】______ of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. The words may not even be particular polite: a regular may be【M6】______ greeted with " Back again, Joe?—havent you got a home to go to?" or "Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! ". When you first enter a pub, dont just drink—start by saying "Good evening" and【M7】______ "Good morning", with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this will trigger an automatic, reflex greeting-response, if it is only a nod.【M8】______ Dont worry if the initial respond is somewhat reserved. By【M9】______ greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an instant regular, it will be noticed, your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be【M10】______ received more favorably.

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ed a wealth of prospects unless【M1】______ they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training【M2】______ opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of education and job opportunities have disintegrated, for reasons far beyond their control. While it is something of an adult pastime to complain about young people, we have to face up with our responsibility for【M3】______ letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with【M4】______ it a tsunami of jobless young people and many more teenagers waiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rather than【M5】______ jump on the " aren t they all nuisances and responsible rioters"【M6】______ bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make【M7】______ given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government has produced a paper on how we all need to be Positive For Youth. Positive For Youth call for a "new partnership approach" in【M8】______ local areas—between businesses, charities, public services, the general public and young people—to provide more opportunities and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, young people are their future employers and customers. For public【M9】______ services, early and positive support can reduce the chances of public funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure【M10】______ provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support and assistance as they reach young adulthood.

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came in deadly last among the rich【M1】______ countries, with only Greece, Chile, Mexico and Turkey faring worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, income inequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below【M2】______ countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan,【M3】______ Germany or France. It was another sign of how badly Americans are hurting their middle class. Wars, famine and violence have been devastated【M4】______ middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to what existed before would always resurface. No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, and the United States is in danger of that yet. But the percentage of【M5】______ national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went【M6】______ from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a【M7】______ worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its current road of dismantling its version of the welfare state, of expanding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might do well glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class【M8】______ emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain any societys cohesion and harmony. The United States has never had the type of robust welfare state that European built after World War II. It didnt need that.【M9】______ Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity, Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would provide the social glue to hold his society together.【M10】______

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ack then, for example, I had the highest grades in school, but many of my teachers went out of their way to cut me down because I wouldnt get conceit. Aside from【M1】______ the debated question of whether that worked, the point is that【M2】______ today, the educational establishment has the opposite philosophy. They tend to tell all kids they are smart. I have seen elementary schools that most students are selected as "Honors Students."【M3】______ Research clearly shows that if students learn best from their【M4】______ mistakes depend on a students self-perception. Research by Carol【M5】______ Dweck and colleagues at Stanford demonstrated that the students who are most likely to learn from their mistakes are those who dont think of themselves as smart as such and smart enough to get【M6】______ smarter. They have a "growth mindset," a belief system they can【M7】______ get better if they will just invest in the time and effort. In one of【M8】______ the groups experiments, half of students were repeatedly praised【M9】______ for "being smart," and these students were not good at learning from mistakes. It is not clear why. Maybe they thought the problem was in the learning material, not in them. The other half of students were praised for effort and improvement and these students got better and made few mistakes. Several months later,【M10】______ all students repeated a standardized test, and the "smart" students scores dropped 20%, while the "growth mindset" students scored 30% higher.

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gathering very best minds from【M1】______ around the world, from every discipline. Since were living in an age of abundant, not scarcely, information, you d curate the【M2】______ lectures carefully, with a focus on the new and original, rather than offer a course on every possible topic. You d create a sustainable economic model by focusing on technological rather than physical infrastructure, and by getting people of mean to【M3】______ pay for a specialized experience. You d also construct a robust network so people could access to resources whenever and from【M4】______ wherever they like, and you d give them the tools to collaborate beyond the lecture hall. Why not fulfill the university【M5】______ millennium-old mission by sharing ideas freely and as widely as【M6】______ possible? If you did all that, well, youd have TED. Its faculty: A roster of speakers that run from Bill Clinton to【M7】______ J.J. Abrams, from Desmond Tutu to Isabel Allende—anyone whos driving change across the globe. Their topics range from biophysics to graphic design, covering all what Roman【M8】______ playwright Terentius might have had on mind when he said,【M9】______ "Nothing human is alien to me." The economic model? With attendance fees, advertising, and corporate sponsorships, TED ran an operating surplus of more than $2 million last year, which was reinvested into expanding its reach. Thats because like【M10】______ fearful old-school colleges, TED is finding that the more open it is, the more it becomes the global education brand of the 21st century.

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