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[主观题]

Prolonged and unseasonable frosts produce frost rings in deciduous trees, which grow in mo

derate climates. Frost rings do not appear in any of the fossilized deciduous trees that have been found in Antarctica. Hence, it is unlikely that such frosts occurred in Antarctica at the time the fossilized trees lived. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.There are fossilized nondeciduous trees from Antarctica that bear frost rings.

B.Deciduous trees are more likely to bear frost rings than are other tree varieties.

C.The process of fossilization does not completely obscure frost rings in deciduous trees.

D.Present-day deciduous trees are more sensitive to changes in temperature than were the deciduous trees of ancient Antarctica.

E.Prolonged and unseasonable frosts that might have occurred in Antarctica when the now-fossilized trees were still living did not always produce frost rings in deciduous trees.

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更多“Prolonged and unseasonable frosts produce frost rings in deciduous trees, which grow in mo”相关的问题

第1题

In a physical education class, 20 students were tested on archery target shooting. These s

tudents were then given a two-day training course in archery technique. The students were tested again and showed a 30 percent increase in accuracy. This result proves that the course was effective in increasing peoples target-shooting accuracy. Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument above?

A.The students were all excellent athletes, and excellent athletes tend to be good at target shooting.

B.The first testing session functioned as a practice session for the second testing session.

C.The accuracy with which people can shoot arrows is strongly related to the sharpness of their vision.

D.A similar group of students who were also tested on archery target shooting but were not given the course did not show an increase in accuracy.

E.Excellence in archery target shooting is an accomplishment achieved by relatively few of the people who take up the sport.

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第2题

Light utility trucks have become popular among consumers who buy them primarily for the tr

ucks rugged appearance. Yet although, these trucks are tough-looking, they are exempt from the governments car-safety standards that dictate minimum roof strength and minimum resistance to impact. Therefore, if involved in a serious high-impact accident , a driver of one of these trucks is more likely to be injured than is a driver of a car that is subject to these government standards. The argument depends on the assumption that

A.the government has established safety standards for the construction of light utility trucks.

B.people who buy automobiles solely for their appearance are more likely than other people to drive recklessly.

C.light utility trucks are more likely than other kinds of vehicles to be involved in accidents that result in injuries.

D.the trucks" rugged appearance is deceptive in that their engines are not especially powerful.

E.light utility trucks are less likely to meet the car-safety standards than are cars that are subject to the standards.

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第3题

The public is well aware that high blood cholesterol levels raise the risk of stroke cause

d by blood clots. But a recent report concludes that people with low blood cholesterol levels are at increased risk of the other lethal type of stroke-cerebral hemorrhage, caused when a brain artery bursts. The report suggests that because blood cholesterol plays a vital role in maintaining cell membranes, low blood cholesterol weakens artery walls, making them prone to rupture. The conclusion thus supports a long-standing contention by Japanese researchers that Western diets better protect against cerebral hemorrhage than do non-Western diets. The argument is based on which one of the following assumptions?

A.Western diets are healthier than non-Western diets.

B.Western diets result in higher blood cholesterol levels than do non-Western diets.

C.High blood cholesterol levels preclude the weakening of artery walls.

D.Cerebral hemorrhages are more dangerous than strokes caused by blood clots.

E.People who have low blood pressure are at increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

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第4题

Claim: Country Xs government lowered tariff barriers because doing so served the interests

of powerful foreign companies. Principle: In order for a change to be explained by the advantage some person or group gained from it, it must be shown how the interests of the person or group played a role in bringing about the change. Which one of the following, if true, can most logically serve as a premise for an argument that uses the principle to counter the claim?

A.Foreign companies did benefit when Country X lowered tariff barriers, but consumers in Country X benefited just as much.

B.In the period since tariff barriers were lowered, price competition among importers has severely limited importers" profits from selling foreign companies" products in Country X.

C.It was impossible to predict how Country X"s economic reforms, which included lowering tariff barriers, would affect the economy in the short term.

D.Many of the foreign companies that benefited from Country X" s lowering tariff barriers compete fiercely among themselves both in Country X and in other markets.

E.Although foreign companies benefited when Country X lowered tariff barriers, there is no other evidence that these foreign companies induced the change.

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第5题

The number of hospital emergency room visits by heroin users grew by more than 25 percent

during the 1980s. Clearly, then, the use of heroin rose in that decade. The authors conclusion is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

A.Those who seek medical care because of heroin use usually do so in the later stages of addiction.

B.Many heroin users visit hospital emergency rooms repeatedly.

C.The number of visits to hospital emergency rooms by heroin users is proportional to the incidence of heroin usage.

D.The methods of using heroin have changed since 1980, and the new methods are less hazardous.

E.Users of heroin identify themselves as such when they come to hospital emergency rooms.

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第6题

Editorial:Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might re

sult from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants; after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated by coal and oil-burning power plants, the most important other sources of energy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harm more serious than the harm their operation has already caused.

B.Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal and oil-burning power plants.

C.The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has been significant.

D.The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants.

E.The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution generated by these plants.

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第7题

Excluding purchases by businesses, the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen

30 percent in the last five years. In the average household budget, the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A.The average number of factory-new cars purchased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years.

B.The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years.

C.The proportion of the average household budget spent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the last five years.

D.The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years.

E.The total amount spent nationwide on factory-new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years.

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第8题

Springtowns fire department wants the town council to buy it another ladder truck. These t

rucks are useful in fighting fires in high-rise buildings. The town council argues, however, that Springtown has only two high-rise buildings, and it already owns enough ladder trucks to fight any fires there. So, they say, Springtown does not need another ladder truck. The town councils argument assumes that

A.Springtown cannot afford to buy another ladder truck.

B.Springtown"s high-rise buildings all meet or exceed current fire safety standards.

C.the number of high-rise buildings in Springtown is likely to grow.

D.at least one of Springtown"s ladder trucks is not due to be permanently removed from service in the immediate future.

E.it is possible to fight fires successfully in high-rise buildings without using ladder trucks.

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第9题

X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting — judged by some authorities to be a s

elf-portrait by Vincent van Gogh— revealed an underimage of a womans face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the underimage also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh. The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?

A.If a canvas already bears a painted image produced by an artist, a second artist who uses the canvas to produce a new painting tends to be influenced by the style. of the first artist.

B.Many painted canvases that can be reliably attributed to van Gogh contain underimages of subjects that appear on at least one other canvas that van Gogh is known to have painted.

C.Any painted canvas incorrectly attributed to van Gogh would not contain an underimage of a subject that appears in authentic paintings by that artist.

D.A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to an artist unless the authenticity of any underimage that painting might contain can be reliably attributed to the artist.

E.A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to a particular artist unless a reliable X-ray examination of the painting is performed.

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第10题

It can be inferred from the passage that, if Fabian is correct, gas in the peripheral regi

ons of a galaxy cluster

A.streams outward into intergalactic space.

B.is hotter than gas in the central regions of the galaxy.

C.is composed primarily of gas left over from the big bang.

D.results in the creation of unusually large stars.

E.expands to increase the size of the galaxy.

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