A researcher studying drug addicts found that, on average, they tend to manipulate other p

ment program would award low-income families a refund on the income taxes they pay of as much as $ 1, 000 for each child under age four. This program would make it possible for all low-income families with children under age four to obtain more child care than they otherwise would have been able to afford. Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the claim that the program would make it possible for all low-income families to obtain more child care?

A．The average family with children under age four spends more than $ 1,000 a year on child care.

B．Some low-income families in which one of the parents is usually available to care for children under age four may not want to spend their income tax refund on child care.

C．The reduction in government revenues stemming from the income tax refund will necessitate cuts in other government programs, such as grants for higher education.

D．Many low-income families with children under age four do not pay any income taxes because their total income is too low to be subject to such taxes.

E．Income taxes have increased substantially over the past twenty years, reducing the money that low-income families have available to spend on child care.

rtain fixed date, with the actions of each conditional on simultaneous action taken by the other countries. Each country was also to notify the six other countries when it had completed its action. The simultaneous-action provision of the treaty leaves open the possibility that

A．the compliance date was subject to postponement, according to the terms of the treaty.

B．one of the countries might not be required to make any changes or take any steps in order to comply with the treaty, whereas all the other countries are so required.

C．each country might have a well-founded excuse, based on the provision, for its own lack of compliance.

D．the treaty specified that the signal for one of the countries to initiate action was notification by the other countries that they had completed action.

E．there was ambiguity with respect to the date after which all actions contemplated in the treaty are to be complete.

rage age of CEOs in those same companies 20 years ago was approximately eight years younger. On the basis of those data, it can be concluded that CEOs in general tend to be older now. Which of the following casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

A．The dates when the CEOs assumed their current positions have not been specified.

B．No information is given concerning the average number of years that CEOs remain in office.

C．The information is based only on companies that have been operating for at least 20 years.

D．Only approximate information is given concerning the average age of the CEOs 20 years ago.

E．Information concerning the exact number of companies in the sample has not been given.

d their parents frequently being in pain were also those who experienced common pains, like headaches, most frequently as adults. This evidence argues that a person s childhood observations of adults in pain can make that person more susceptible to pain as an adult. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

A．Students who most frequently remembered that they were in pain as children were no more likely than the average student to experience common pains very frequently.

B．Parents who were frequently in pain when their children were growing up often experience just as much pain after their children have grown up.

C．College students are in general less susceptible to common pains, like headaches, than are older adults.

D．Adult memories of the circumstances of childhood pain are often vivid, but adults can rarely recall the subjective experience of being in pain as a child.

E．A person"s adult recollections of childhood are likely to emphasize those memories that reflect the person"s adult experiences.

than limit the number of people they hire, trading firms aim to hire all those applicants who are able to be successful and to reject the rest. By this standard Quinsey-Leerheims record is perfect. All of its entry-level hirees over the past decade have become successful commodity traders. Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the assessment given above of Quinsey-Leerheim s hiring performance?

A．Over the past decade, Quinsey-Leerheim"s trading practices and policies have changed in a way that gives much more responsibility to individual traders.

B．Since the pool of entry-level applicants is mostly the same for all commodity-trading firms, Quinsey-Leerheim often competes with other trading firms for the strongest applicants.

C．Quinsey-Leerheim rejects some entry-level applicants who go on to become extremely successful commodity traders with other trading firms.

D．Commodity trading requires skills that are needed in very few other occupations, so that trading firms" hiring procedures typically differ significantly from those of other financial firms.

E．Commodity trading is very stressful, and even successful commodity traders rarely work as traders for longer than ten years, although they often earn substantial sums in those years.

EXCEPT______

A．A market for such artifacts already exists.

B．Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.

C．There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts.

D．Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.

E．Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections.

The author quotes Snyder et al in lines 38-43 most probably in order to______

A．reveal some of the assumptions underlying their theory

B．summarize a major finding of their experiments

C．point out that their experiments were limited to the mouse

D．indicate that their experiments resulted only in general correlations

E．refute the objections made by supporters of the older theory

pends on which of the following?

I. The closeness of the match between the geological features identified by the model as critical and the actual geological features of a given area

II. The degree to which the model chosen relies on empirical observation of known mineral deposits rather than on theories of ore-forming processes

III. The degree to which the model chosen is based on an accurate description of the events leading to mineralization

A．I only

B．II only

C．I and II only

D．I and III only

E．I, II and III

n which of the following ways?

A．It may furnish a valid account of ore-forming processes, and, hence, can support conceptual models that have great practical significance.

B．It suggests that certain geological formations, long believed to be mineralized, are in fact mineralized, thus confirming current conceptual models.

C．It suggests that there may not be enough similarity across Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems to warrant the formulation of conceptual models.

D．It corrects existing theories about the chemical halos of gold deposits, and thus provides a basis for correcting current conceptual models.

E．It suggests that simple prospecting methods still have a higher success rate in the discovery of gold deposits than do more modern methods.

ct in thinking that______

A．prokaryotes form. a coherent group

B．the common ancestor of all living things had complex properties

C．eukaryotes are fundamentally different from true bacteria

D．true bacteria are just as complex as eukaryotes

E．ancestral versions of eukaryotic genes functioned differently from their modern counterparts.