不消说，相识的人数是随着年龄增加的，一个人年龄越大，走过的地方，当过的职务越多，相识的人理该越

They use the term" rationality" in the traditional economic sense that assume that consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives and choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e. satisfaction) in a marketed context. The tern "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based on totally objective criteria, such as size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods according to impersonal or subjective criteria—the desire for individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.

The assumption underlying this distinction is that subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize satisfaction; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, in their view, serve to minimize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based on the individual's own needs as well as on past behavior, social, and learning experiences. What may appear as irrational to an outside observer may be perfect rational within the context of the consumer's own psychological field. If behavior. did not appear rational to the person who undertakes at the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. Therefore the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.

Some researchers go so far as to suggest that emphasis of "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously to maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act on not from subconscious drives but from rational preferences.

(1)

Advertisers will have audience of nearly 145 million 【M1】______

people for the Super Bowl on February 6th, and most consumers

are prepared to stay firmly planted during time-outs and game

breaks. According to a new study with the Retail Advertising 【M2】______

and Marketing Association (RAMA), a division of the

National Retail Federation, many consumers rank the

commercials like the most important part of the Super Bowl. 【M3】______

The survey, conducting by BIG research, also found that consumers【M4】______

who plan to watch the game will spend an average of 49.27,

brought total spending to 5.6 billion. Though many consumers 【M5】______

said they find the game to be the most important part of the

Super Bowl (32.5%), 34.5 million consumers find the

commercials to be the most important element (15.7%). Other 【M6】______

watch the Super Bowl primarily to socialize with friends (13.0%)

and watch the half-time show (4.9%). According to the

survey, only 33.9%0 of consumers do not plan to watch the

Super Bowl this year. Among young adults, commercials

are king, with one in fourth (24.5%) 18—24 year-olds listing【M7】______

advertisements as the most important aspect of the Super Bowl.

In fact, young adults are the most likely of any age group to【M8】______

watch the Super Bowl for the game itself (19.6%). Consumers

over 65 are most likely of any age group to list the game as 【M9】______

the most important part of the Super Bowl (41.3%). "Advertisers

are targeting young adults in their Super Bowl commercials for

good reason," said Tom Holliday, President of the Retail

Advertising and Marketing Association. "Companies have long

realized that the affects of advertising during the Super Bowl can【M10】______

bring a windfall that lasts all year."

【M1】

the truth. Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

rite a comment of about 400 words on this issue.

1. Will Fast Food Replace Traditional Food?

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

Since adopting a male agenda in life is arguably only another form. of submission, quite a number of highly educated and economically privileged women are now opting, to take career breaks so as to be at home with their children for longer than that insulting 18 weeks. The most welcome trend in parenting is that men are participating more and more. Even that is not free of conflict, though. Intellectually, women want men to be equal parents and do their share. But there's often a contradictory emotional sub-text because children are the last bastion of distaff power in the family. "I want him to help me but this is my territory and being better at it is one of the few things I've got as a female." In truth, although they haven't had generations of practice, there's no reason why men can't rear children as well as women. Men left to cope after bereavement or divorce, as well as some who take on the role of principal carer within a partnership, are already doing it.

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Directions: Translate the following text into English.

谁能否认海的伟大呢?我爱海，并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽，和藏在海底那有趣的玩意儿，而是爱她的胸襟广阔，化污秽为清洁。她容纳无数的细流，尽管它们的颜色有黑的也有黄的，一旦流到了海的怀抱，便立刻变成碧绿的了。碧绿是代表和平，代表一种静美。一个人，哪怕他的脾气犹如虎狼 那么凶暴，我相信如果长住在海滨，一定会变得和羔羊一般驯良；同时，那些心怀狭隘的人，如果常与海做朋友，我相信他也会改变成豪爽、痛快的性格。

un of those who are different from them. What do you think about the issue? What are the benefits of making friends of each kind? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:

What College Students Seek in Friends: Similarities or Differences?

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

thought. How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence. then the effect is to be wide. slow. permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not. they will die like flies in the hour. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is. to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidney's maxim: --"Look in thy heart, and write." He that writes to himself writes to an eternal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered all its praise, and half the people say, "What poetry! What genius!" it still needs fuel to make fire. That only profits which is profitable, Life alone can impart life; and though we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

If we want to avoid the disaster scenario, people in developed countries will have to take a global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage export crops such as timber, coffee, cut flowers or even green beans, do to the environment. The challenge is to avoid simply imposing western attitudes on local peoples.

Already there are no truly wild places left in the world. Looking at wildlife has become the preserve of the middle classes over the last twenty-odd years, and as wild animals become even rarer, so more tourists want to see them. But tourism alone plainly cannot conserve the world's animals; economic development is the priority.

For the future, I suspect that if you really want to do something about wild life conservation, you would be better off putting your money into women's education rather than just into the protection of flagship species. Women often bear the direct costs of wildlife conflict; their knowledge of how to deal with conflict and how to control their own reproductive destinies may yet determine the survival of many threatened species.

d various training programs and apply for different certificates so that they are more competent. Do you think that attending training programs and getting more certificates can improve competence? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: Do More Certificates Stand for Better Ability?