Despite of taking more time to affect, which kind of organ is related to more serious effe

Section D

听力原文： If there is any single (21) factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and (22) actually profit by it in his next (23) undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are (24) doomed indeed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail: it is your own (25) refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.

Defeats are nothing to be (26) ashamed of. They often occur in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it, analyze it and learn why you are defeated. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can (27) arouse within us such a compelling (28) desire to success. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more (29) tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is the same (30) reaction which should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you make the best of the power which defeat gives, you can succeed with it far more than you are capable of.

If there is any single【21】that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and【22】profit by it in his next【23】. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are【24】indeed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail: it is your own【25】to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.

Defeats are nothing to be【26】of. They often occur in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it, analyze it and learn why you are defeated. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can【27】within us such a compelling【28】to success. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more【29】until his whole weight is suspended. It is the same【30】which should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you make the best of the power which defeat gives, you can succeed with it far more than you are capable of.

(21)

rial supplier requiring for detailed information of their products. The letter must involve:

1. express your interest with their product,

2. ask for the detailed information,

3. a wish for possible business cooperation in the future.

You should write about 100 words on answer sheet. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane Green" instead. You do not need to write the address.

Section A

War has escaped the battlefield and now can, with modem guidance systems on missiles, touch virtually every square yard of the earth's surface. War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditional goals of conflict. (91) Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject peoples certain administrative, health, education, and other social services; such obligations far exceed the benefits of control. If the ruled population is racially different from the rulers, tensions and constant unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination. (92) Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and, in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply, jobs, and the broad range of services expected of modem governments. The noneconomic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively weakened by the advances of modem technology. (93) The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly exceeded by the benefits of persuading that nation to produce and exchange goods and services. In brief, imperialism no longer pays.

(94) Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80 centuries since men and women settled in cities and thereby became "civilized", but the modernization of the past 80 years has fundamentally changed the role and function of war. In premodernized societies, successful warfare brought significant material rewards, the most obvious of which was the stored wealth of the defeated. Equally important was human labor--control over people as salves or soldiers for the victor's army, and there was the productive capacity---agricultural lands and mines. Successful warfare also produced spiritual benefits. The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security, and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem.

(95) War was accepted in the premodernized society as a part of the human condition, a mechanism of change, and an unavoidable, even noble, aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.

(81)

vely?

Section A

Are you really in love? How do yon know the difference between love and infatuation? This is often difficult to determine, for there are no set rules surrounding the definitions of love or infatuation. Romantic love is very much a part of the American way of life and many expect that some day "it" is going to hit them and the will know they are in love.

What are some of the differences between love and infatuation?

(76) Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of" growing" in love rather than " falling" in love. This may sound terribly un romantic to some who are used to hearing talk about "falling_in love " or being "head over heels in love. " This "falling" is often infatuation, and the sheer emotion of "falling" in love often blinds a person to the imperfections of the loved one. We tend to think of the loved one as "perfect" , "ideal" , or some other divine image. Real love sees the total person—both the "perfection" and the imperfection. Infatuation, then, is a sudden, emotional sense that one has discovered the "perfect" lover. On the other hand, love realizes imperfections and grows with the acceptance of those imperfections.

(77) Love leads a person to a feeling of security and trust in the loved one. It usually involves a feeling of mutual benefit arising from the new relationship. "We are able to solve our problems together" is the feeling of love, rather than " Please love me because I need you.

(78)Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity whenever the "lovers" are separated; feelings of doubt, fickleness, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany infatuation. "What will I do if I lose him?" and "I wonder if she really means it when she says she loves me?" express the feelings of infatuation. In such a setting a lasting love does not have a chance to develop.

(79) Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feeling of relationship probably has not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions. Conversely, in love, the feeling of relationship is genuine and sincere so that concern for the other person evolves naturally.

(80) Physical attraction is an important part of both infatuation and love, but the superficial attraction is less important in love, for the couple experiencing love usually will build their relationship on a broader base than mere physical attraction.

(46)