British physicist John Tyndall investigated the transmission of radiant heat through _____

Please Listen to the following TED talk and answer the questions followed. (1分55秒-2分17秒） British physicist John Tyndall, in the 1850’s, made laboratory measurements of the infrared radiation, which is heat. And he showed that gasses such as CO2___________ , thus acting like a blanket warming Earth’s surface.

A、absorb heat

B、reflect heat

C、absorb sunlight

D、reflect sunlight

On Christmas Day 1990, in a laboratory in Switzerland, British physicist Tim Berners-Lee finished developing the tools to create the World Wide Web. He was working at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Cern, in Geneva.

His boss gave him the green light to work on the project during his spare time and together with the help of his Belgian colleague Robert Cailliau, Tim Berners-Lee produced the world’s first web page.

The experiment heralded a new era because it demonstrated how computers could talk to each other through a new language they created called Hyper-Text Markup Language, or HTML.

Currently there might be anything up to a trillion web pages with all sorts of content. People buy and sell products and services, make friends through these pages, learn and teach. We found many enthusiasts of the web in the streets of London.

Man 1: “It means having information in your home with easy access which in the past would have only been available in thousands of libraries. So it’s information at your fingertips.”

Woman: “Access to a lot of people really. We’ve got a lot of family overseas so we use Skype quite a bit.”

Man 2: “Information, news, social groups.”

Man 3: “I’m just using it usually for emails and social networking with my friends and well, reading newspapers and information. Basically everything!”

Fortunes were made in the World Wide Web. Many say that Tim Berners-Lee could have been a billionaire through his invention but he said that all he wants is to keep the egalitarian spirit of the web intact and the medium free to use. Many users share the same ideals.

21. What is this passage talking about？_______

A. The birth of the World Wide Web.

B. The biography of a physicist.

C. The importance of the first web page.

D. The application of some HTML.

22. Who is Tim Berners-Lee？_____

A. An internet user.

B. A physicist won the Nobel Prize.

C. A physicist who also designed the first web page.

D. A write who writes in a brand new language.

23. Where were the people interviewed？________

A. Bern.

B. London.

C. Geneva.

D. An unknown city in England.

24. Which of the following best describes the interviewees’ attitudes towards the internet？_______

A. Fearful.

B. Indifferent.

C. Distanced.

D. Enthusiastic

25. Which of the following is incorrect about the application of the Web？_______

A. It can be used in many ways.

B. It has become very popular among average people.

C. The inventor of the internet hopes everybody has access to medium.

D. It was designed by a government official in Europe.

听力原文： In an earlier age, there was a great distinction in the public mind between science and engineering. Whereas the scientist was thought of as an intellectual, motivated by a desire for knowledge and order, the engineer was thought of as a busy, practical person, involved in producing something for which the public was willing to pay. The scientist might discover the laws of nature, but the engineer would be the one to exploit them for use and profit.

Historically, however, this distinction has not always been valid. In every century, noted theoretical scholars were deeply involved in the practical application of their own work. For example, in the seventeenth century, Christian Huygens, a Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist who developed theorems on centrifugal force and motion also developed the first accurate timepiece. In the eighteenth century, the British mathematician and philosopher Sir Isaac Newton was credited not only with advancing theories of mechanics and optics, but also with inventing the reflecting telescope, a direct application of his theory. In the nineteenth century, the French chemist and bacteriologist Louis Pasteur first proposed theories of disease, and then set about the discovery of vaccines for anthrax and rabies, as well as the process for purification that bears his name to this day.

I propose that the popular detachment of science from engineering has not provided us with useful model for comparison, and perhaps not even a historically correct one.

Questions:

6. According to public opinion in the past, how did a scientist differ from an engineer？

7.Who was Christian Huygens？

8.Why did the lecturer discuss the work of Huygens, Newton, and Pasteur？

9.What was the lecturer's opinion about science'？

10.Who set about the discovery of vaccines for rabies？

(26)

A．The scientist exploited the laws of nature.

B．The engineer was more practical.

C．The engineer was an intellectual.

D．The scientist was deeply involved in the practical application of his or her work.

gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.

After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, "It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this？"

"I don't know," replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you'll be taxing them. "

From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4, 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal's remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B．C．with 90, 000 foot soldiers, 12, 000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.

These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785．

The anecdote about Michael Faraday indicates that______.

A．politicians tax everything

B．people are skeptical about the values of pure research

C．government should support scientists

D．he was rejected by his government

A.物理学家

B.物理（学）

C.钢琴家

A.慷慨的

B.物理学家

C.海岸

D.无声的

A.geologist

B.physicist

C.physic

A.n. 物理学

B.n. 统计学

C.n. 物理学家

D.n. 化学