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更多“How can highly rated companies fund when they run out of credit, cash and undrawn bank fac”相关的问题
第1题
"People may be attracted to those who have similar attitudes, values and beliefs and even marry them," the researchers said, and those qualities are easy to spot in a potential mate. Attitudes to-ward subjects such as religion or politics "are highly visible," they said. But how married people behave was shown to have a greater effect on happiness.
"Being in a committed relationship entails regular interaction and requires extensive coordination in dealing with tasks, issues and problems of daily living," the study found. Differences in how to deal with everyday matters can lead to "more friction and conflict," it said.
Personality-driven traits--like being open, easy-going or organized--are likely to play a bigger role in the marriage, the researchers found after studying 291 newly married couples. The newly-weds were married for an average of five months when the data was culled late in 2000 and had dated for an average of 3 1/2 years.
The couples were participants in the Iowa Marital Assessment Project, a long-term study being conducted by the university with funding from the National Institute of Mental Health under the Na-tional Institutes of Health. Participants were asked to evaluate their own traits and were videotaped interacting with each other. Partners who rated their marriages as highly satisfactory were found to have more common personality traits.
Similar attitudes among the couples, however, showed no clear impact on happiness, accord-ing to the study published in the American Psychological Association's Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
According to the passage, _______ are more likely to be the happiest.
A．the married couples with shared moral values
B．the married couples without children.
C．the married couples with personalities similar to their spouses.
D．the married couples with a lot of money
第2题
听力原文：M: Which university do you think you'd like to attend？
W: Well, I've narrowed it down to two, so I'll choose one of them and keep the other as my back up. How about you？
M: I'm in the same situation as you. A back up is a good idea because you might not get accepted by your first choice.
W: My first choice is London and my back up is Cardiff. How about you？
M: I went for Edinburgh as my first choice and I'm keeping Belfast as my back up. What made you decide on London？
W: Well, it's ranked highly in the subject I want to study, accounting, and it means I can live at home with my parents, which will save on money.
M: I can understand those reasons, but I think one of the benefits of going to uni is that you can live away from family.
W: Which is why you're going to the other end of the country？ I see what you mean, but money's tight and I'd rather stay somewhere that's familiar to me.
M: So why have you chosen Cardiff as your back up？ There are plenty of other unis in London.
W: My grandmother lives there. She's said that she'd appreciate having me around. So why did you choose Edinburgh and Belfast, aside from getting far away from your family？
M: Well, there's the fact that they're both rated highly in the field I want to study-economics. Aside from that, I liked the way they presented themselves on their websites. There was plenty of information and it seems that the life there is pretty good.
W: What in particular caught your eye？
M: Well, Edinburgh has a well-organised climbing club. It's also famous for its arts and music festivals. There's a lot going on considering it's not a very large city.
W: Will it be expensive to live there？
M: It will be more expensive than average. Rents have gone up a lot in recent years. How ever, it will be cheaper than London.
W: Unless you live with your parents!
M: I think they'll be happy to see me go to another city and live on my own.
W: At least your poor mother won't have to wash your stinking socks!
(23)
A．You might not get into your first choice university.
B．Something might change at your first choice university.
C．There may be change in the ranking of your first choice university.
D．Your first choice should be in your city and your back up in another city.
第3题
听力原文：M: Which university do you think you'd like to attend？
W: Well, I've narrowed it down to two, so I'll choose one of them and keep the other as my hack up. How about you？
M: I'm in the same situation as you. A back up is a good idea because you might not get accepted by your first choice.
W: My first choice is London and my back up is Cardiff. How about yon？
M: I went for Edinburgh as my first choice and I'm keeping Belfast as my back up. What made you decide on London？
W: Well, it's ranked highly in the subject I want to study, accounting, and it means I can live at home with my parents, which will save on money.
M: I can understand those reasons, but I think one of the benefits of going to university is that you can live away from family.
W: Which is why you're going to the other end of the country! I see what you mean, but money's tight and I'd rather stay somewhere that's familiar to me.
M: So why have you chosen Cardiff as your back up？ There are plenty of other universities in London.
W: My grandmother lives there. She's said that she'd appreciate having me around. So why did you choose Edinburgh and Belfast, aside from getting far away from your family？
M: Well, there's the fact that they're both rated highly in the field I want to study—economics. Aside from that, I liked the way they presented themselves on their websites. There was plenty of information and it seems that the life there is pretty good.
W: What in particular caught your eye？
M: Well, Edinburgh has a well-organised climbing club. It's also famous for its arts and music festivals. There's a lot going on considering it's not a very large city.
W: Will it be expensive to live them？
M: It will be more expensive than average. Rents have gone up a lot in recent years. However, it will be cheaper than London.
W: Unless you live with your parents!
M: I think they'll be happy to see me go to another city and live on my own.
W: At least your poor mother won't have to wash your stinking socks!
(23)
A．You might not get into your first choice university.
B．Something might change at your first choice university.
C．There may be change in the ranking of your first choice university.
D．Your first choice should be in your city and your back up in another city.
第4题
【C1】
A．unless
B．when
C．if
D．though
第5题
"We found again and again that people who perform. poorly relative to their peers(同等人) tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.
Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills-logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor-people who essentially were inept (无能的；愚蠢的) never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.
It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.
Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion (欺骗), the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely(愉快地；快活地) unaware of the problem.
This was especially true in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based + often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed(搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.
Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.
Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.
Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.
This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.
The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.
So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence？ Neither, according to Dunning.
"You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.
Why do incompetent people rarely know they are inept？
A．They are too inept to know what competence is.
B．They are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor.
C．They lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically.
D．They have some ability to over criticize themselves.
第6题
"We found again and again that people who perform. poorly relative to their peers tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.
Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills—logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor—people who essentially were inept never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.
It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.
Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion, the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely unaware of the problem.
This was especially tree in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects—students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based—often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed all questions in a reasoning test.
Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.
Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.
Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.
This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.
The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.
So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence？ Neither, according to Dunning. "You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.
Incompetent people rarely know the depths of their own incompetence because they ______.
A．are too dull to know what competence is
B．are not skillful at logical reasoning, grammar, and sense of humor
C．lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically
D．have some ability to overcriticize themselves
第7题
A．associated with
B．connected with
C．as regards
D．in case of
第8题
&8226;Read the article below which reviews a new book on company planning.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
Firms need a better way of planning
Nick Field, in his book Strategy Management, offers a new approach to help companies map out their future.
Many companies have lost the art of strategy-making. They spend too much time looking at process change, organisation and systems. They do not invest enough effort in determining where they want to be in their markets and how they are going to beat their competitors They have got things out of balance. In many companies, the development of strategy is in crisis.
In a recent magazine poll, only six per cent of executives rated their company highly for long-term planning skills. (8) If this figure is accurate, it is not surprising that 29% of the FTSE 100 companies failed to achieve real sales growth between 1992 and 1996, when takeovers are excluded from the figures.
There can be no doubt about the value of effective strategy-making. Recent research has shown that what are described as 'visionary' companies - those with clear strategies for the future - deliver higher shareholder returns. They are less at risk from short-term earnings pressures because they know - and they can convince others - that they will survive these.
(9) Times have changed. The big company of today is not being defeated by another big company but by the small companies. So how do they do it？ And where do companies that are failing in this respect turn？ If a company accepts that their strategy development is not 'the best in the class', if they acknowledge that they need to do more to map out their future, influence rather than be influenced, shape their market instead of being shaped by it, how should they take on this strategy-making challenge？ Field's book Strategy Management puts forward a new approach to help companies rediscover the power of forward planning. (10) The book is straightforward to understand and use, and offers practical and specific directions. Research and empirical testing have proved that it can be useful in all areas of industry and should be of value to any company.
The approach put forward is based on two key building blocks, the first being that any company considering its future must have a commitment to win. (11) The second building block is competitive advantage. The author defines four prime areas that differentiate organisations and influence purchase decisions. These are 'the performance of the product or service, sold at the most attractive price, with extraordinary levels of service and strong emotional values.' It may require only one of these areas to produce a competitive advantage. Take Coca-Cola for example. (12)
Companies can explore how to win by building on their commitment and working around this approach to identify which one or more of these four sources of advantage will lead to success.
A Clear guidelines are given on how to become involved with customers and build new forms of competitive advantage.
B Through the brand name, the company has established a relationship with customers' feelings that has made the product highly successful,
C Another survey estimated that only one in ten companies had the information they needed to make strategic decisions.
D Lacking any debate about the future, these are typically reduced to a once-a-year form-filling exercise.
E If this comes across forcefully enough rivals will see it and go elsewhere, believing the market will be taken over by another.
F In the past, it was generally believed that the scale of the company was the most significant factor.
G They do not invest enough effort in determining where they want to be in their markets and how they are going to beat their competitors.
(8)
第9题
&8226;Read the article below which reviews a new book on company planning.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
Firms need a better way of planning
Nick Field, in his book Strategy Management, offers a new approach to help companies map out their future.
Many companies have lost the art of strategy-making. They spend too much time looking at process change, organisation and systems. They do not invest enough effort in determining where they want to be in their markets and how they are going to beat their competitors They have got things out of balance. In many companies, the development of strategy is in crisis.
In a recent magazine poll, only six per cent of executives rated their company highly for long-term planning skills. (8) If this figure is accurate, it is not surprising that 29% of the FTSE 100 companies failed to achieve real sales growth between 1992 and 1996, when takeovers are excluded from the figures.
There can be no doubt about the value of effective strategy-making. Recent research has shown that what are described as 'visionary' companies - those with clear strategies for the future - deliver higher shareholder returns. They are less at risk from short-term earnings pressures because they know - and they can convince others - that they will survive these.
(9) Times have changed. The big company of today is not being defeated by another big company but by the small companies. So how do they do it？ And where do companies that are failing in this respect turn？ If a company accepts that their strategy development is not 'the best in the class', if they acknowledge that they need to do more to map out their future, influence rather than be influenced, shape their market instead of being shaped by it, how should they take on this strategy-making challenge？ Field's book Strategy Management puts forward a new approach to help companies rediscover the power of forward planning. (10) The book is straightforward to understand and use, and offers practical and specific directions. Research and empirical testing have proved that it can be useful in all areas of industry and should be of value to any company.
The approach put forward is based on two key building blocks, the first being that any company considering its future must have a commitment to win. (11) The second building block is competitive advantage. The author defines four prime areas that differentiate organisations and influence purchase decisions. These are 'the performance of the product or service, sold at the most attractive price, with extraordinary levels of service and strong emotional values.' It may require only one of these areas to produce a competitive advantage. Take Coca-Cola for example. (12)
Companies can explore how to win by building on their commitment and working around this approach to identify which one or more of these four sources of advantage will lead to success.
A Clear guidelines are given on how to become involved with customers and build new forms of competitive advantage.
B Through the brand name, the company has established a relationship with customers' feelings that has made the product highly successful,
C Another survey estimated that only one in ten companies had the information they needed to make strategic decisions.
D Lacking any debate about the future, these are typically reduced to a once-a-year form-filling exercise.
E If this comes across forcefully enough rivals will see it and go elsewhere, believing the market will be taken over by another.
F In the past, it was generally believed that the scale of the company was the most significant factor.
G They do not invest enough effort in determining where they want to be in their markets and how they are going to beat their competitors.
(8)
第10题
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author______.
A．thinks highly of those American fops wearing extremely elegant clothes
B．regrets seeing the Western miners make their fortunes and go to the East
C．doubts that the Western miners would wear their costume when they go East
D．agrees that men should not worry about how they dress since it is unimportant
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