It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you to this meeting on such an important issue as

身份证。

B：Yes，indeed．ID card is one of the most authoritative certificates issued by the government to show a person's status．It is very useful for a person who travels around the country．And I know that a driving license cannot be used to identify a person's status in China．

A：你说的对。和中国众多的人口相比，有驾照的还是少数。中国从1985年开始颁发身份证，到现在有八亿多居民拥有身份证。

B：ID cards are issued to the Chinese citizens aged 16 or above．Citizens who are below that age，if they want，can also apply．

A：生活中常会用到身份证。比如，坐飞机，住旅店，从邮局取包裹，登记交税，申请驾照，或是到了任何需要出示身份证的地方，都得用身份证。

B：After about 20 years since the issue of the first ID cards，the Ministry of Public Security decided to issue the second generation of ID cards starting from January this year．

A：新一代身份证技术含量高。和老卡不同，新卡可以机读。这是中国科学家多年研究的结果。

Meanwhile, the mortality rate for AIDS is 100 percent.

AIDS means that the immune system of a person has gone wrong. The immune system is the biological system in your body which fights off diseases. This system is composed mostly of what are commonly termed "white blood cells."

These cells are the hunters in the body. When a virus, such as the common cold, invades the body, the white blood cells rush to the invader and kill it.

While these blood cells are busy killing an invader, the body's immune system is said to "be under attack." If another virus or bacteria enters the body at the same time as the white blood cells are busy fighting off an invader, the second attacker has a better chance of injuring the rest of the body's system.

Scientists found the virus that causes AIDS and named it HIV. The HIV virus attacks the white blood cells and kills them, thus preventing these white cells from carrying on their important work of killing the other invading viruses.

We cannot tell if a person has an HIV infection just by looking at him. And here lies part of the problem about the spread of HIV infection among people. For at least the first few years after a person has contracted the HIV virus, there are no indications that the person has the HIV virus in his/her bloodstream.

However, during this time the person carrying the virus can pass it onto other people through intimate sexual relations or sharing blood with them.

Then how do we know if we have HIV or not? The answer is simple. Have an HIV blood test. This simple, painless AIDS test will take only a few minutes of your time, and, if you are at all in doubt about whether you might have contracted the HIV virus, it is a life-saving endeavor.

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)

Campaigning for votes in the western province of Maharashtra this month, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India vowed to give such a remarkable facelift to Mumbai, the state capital, that people "should forget talking about Shanghai."

Now that the election results are in, and a coalition led by Singh's Congress Party has retained power in the province, the prime minister must make good his promise, which will take more than a paint job.

The consulting firm McKinsey says it would cost $ 44 billion to make Mumbai a world-class city that can rank alongside Shanghai.

A revival of Mumbai, the country's trade and entertainment hub, is more than a matter of image. It's an economic necessity.

The city of 12 million fills two-fifths of the nation's corporate-tax kitty, yet a third of its people live in slums.

Mumbai's economy has lagged the national average growth rate of about 7 percent since 1998 — a level of underperformance that is impossible to reverse without mending the city's creaky infrastructure.

A choked, potholed Mumbai is symptomatic of a wider urban malaise. It isn't that a fast-growing economy like India can't find the resources to invest in its cities, where much of its economic growth is being produced.

By 2025, one of (the) two Indians would be living in an urban center, up from one in three now.

Morgan Stanley's chief economist, Stephen Roach, recently undertook a 115-mile, or 184-kilometer, car journey from Mumbai to the industrial city of Pune on a new expressway, which he says "is a huge cut above any of the other motor routes that I had been on in India."

Yet, by Chinese standards, the new road merits a "B minus, at best," he says. "If this is progress in closing India's infrastructure gap, the problem is even worse than I had imagined."

in words. He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive.

Beethoven was born in the German city of Bonn, in 1770. His father was a singer in the Church choir, and he soon saw that Ludwig had musical ability. The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the family's name and fortune. He forced the little boy to practice long hours on the violin.

Mozart's father had been kind, but Beethoven's father was impatient and often rough with him. Also, Beethoven's father was not reliable in earning a living for his family. As young Ludwig grew up he had to take a great deal of responsibility. When he was 15, and was working in the Church as assistance organist, Ludwig was practically supporting the family.

But he had kind teachers and some good friends, and he was lucky enough to get a position playing the viola in the opera orchestra in Bonn. There he became familiar with the operas of Mozart and other composers, and he learned a great deal about the instruments of the orchestra and how they played together. This was to be valuable to him later in his own composing.

When he decided to go to Vienna to study, the Archbishop at Bonn paid for his journey and other friends gave him letters to noblemen in Vienna. Beethoven was a very fine pianist, besides being able to play the violin and other stringed instruments. The Viennese music-lovers quickly adopted him as a favorite concert performer. But they criticized every new work of Beethoven's because it was too different.

The Viennese soon realized that they had an extraordinary genius living among them, and they made every effort to keep him. When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them, He stayed, and went on composing his big, powerful symphonies, concertos, piano sonatas and many other works.

But except for his music, Beethoven was not a happy man. Before he was 30, he began to grow deaf. This was a terrible misfortune for a musician. His deafness came slowly and he was able to continue playing concerts until he was 44. But 10 years later, when his great Ninth Symphony was performed for the first time, he could not hear at all. He was sitting on the stage at the performance, watching the conductor, and he had his back to the audience. One of the singers turned him around so that he could see the audience enthusiastically applauding this tremendous symphony.

Beethoven was a lonely man. Although he had fallen in love several times, he never married. His deafness made him still more lonely, for he would not go out in public at all. But he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music. Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words.

除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。

在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。

电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源.

SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points)

Japan owes a lot to China. Chinese demand for Japanese goods has helped Japan's economy recover, while competition has pressured executives to start restructuring Japan's companies and banks.

Japan is an example of how China is offering two benefits to the global economy. One is the way in which China is acting as an economic engine, buying up ever-increasing amounts of goods and natural resources. The other is the flow of inexpensive Chinese goods that drag down consumer prices across the world.

There are downsides, like the decline of manufacturing industries from Detroit and Perth. Folks in developed economies losing jobs or taking pay cuts would hardly agree that China's rising influence is a good thing.

But at the moment, China's 9.5 percent growth rate is proving more of a blessing than a bane for countries like Japan.

Quietly, at the start of this decade, Japanese companies began shifting production abroad, cutting costs, selling off extraneous businesses and paying down debt. 'The government also stepped up efforts to attract more foreign direct investment, something Japan had little use for in the past.

Taken together, these actions largely prompted by China's advance, have led to the most organic and convincing recovery Japan has seen in years. While Japan has much further to got to make its economy more globally competitive, it is worth noting how far it has come from the dark days of the late 1990s.

There are many benefits inherent in China's advance. One of them was spelled out by Anatole Kaletsky, an editor and economic columnist at The Times of London. He wrote on August 18 that China's rise is making the richest nations even richer.

Along with pushing down global prices of mass-produced goods, China's influence may actually be pushing up the prices of products and services China does not or cannot make. That can be seen in the prices of things that China consumes — oil, financial services, luxury goods and real estate.

Kaletsky said that as prices of luxury goods and financial services are driven higher, prosperous countries with service industries become wealthier, compared with manufacturing countries.

中的地位和作用也越来越重要，我国教育的改革和发展取得了很大的成就。

进入20世纪90年代，科学技术日新月异，知识经济初见端倪，综合国力竞争日趋激烈，我国社会主义市场经济建设步伐加快，知识和人才的作用日益重要，我国教育的改革和发展面临新的机遇和挑战。

一些长期困扰教育发展的问题越来越凸显出来，我国教育的改革和发展还滞后于建设中国特色社会主义的要求。

教育经费的增长还很不适应教育事业发展的需要，经费紧张仍然是制约我国教育发展的一个突出问题；教师工资偏低且被拖欠，教师工作生活条件较差，尤其是住房困难问题十分突出。这些都需要采取措施尽快解决。

1992年，党的十四大明确提出：“必须把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位，努力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化水平，这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。”

1993年，党中央、国务院制定了《中国教育改革和发展纲要》，《中华人民共和国教师法》颁布。1995年，《中华人民共和国教育法》颁布，党中央、国务院决定实施科教兴国战略。

这些重大决策为解决我国教育问题指明了方向。我国教育进入了改革发展的新时期。

SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)

近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来20年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的共同发展.

loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn't I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?

As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn't I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of?

My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle's home in provincial Barddhaman—a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me—if my grades didn't improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about "Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families". There were, apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was "over my dead body". It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me—that is, if she loved me at all.

After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I'd shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She'd write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I'd call her from the United States and tell her all the things I'd been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she'd developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally—or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born.

My son's birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn't imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love—what was that all about?

Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I'd moved the extra bed into the baby's room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.