The Shipping Articles shall be signed by each seaman and the ______.A.Master of the vessel

福建宫平进出口有限公司提出的改证申请得到英国Kevin Footwear Inc. 的同意，修改后的信用证内容如下： MT 700 ISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDIT SEQUENCE OF TOTAL 27 ：1 / 1FORM OF DOC. CREDIT40A：IRREVOCABLEDOC. CREDIT NUMBER20 ：BOCL20190625DATE OF ISSUE31C：190506APPLICABLE RULES40E：UCP LATEST VERSIONDATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY.31D：DATE 190915 PLACE IN CHINAAPPLICANT50 ：KEVIN FOOTWEAR INC.NO. 1 CAT RD., LONDON, U.K..BENEFICIARY59 ：FUJIAN GONGPING I/E CO., LTD.NO. 5 RENMIN RD., FUZHOU, P.R.CHINAAMOUNT32B：CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 102144.00AVAILABLE WITH/BY41D：ANY BANK IN CHINA,BY NEGOTIATIONDRAFTS AT ...42C：AT SIGHTDRAWEE42A：BANK OF CHINA，NEW YORKTRANSSHIPMENT43T：ALLOWEDPORT OF LOADING/ AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE44E：XIAMEN, CHINAPORT OF DISCHARGE44F：LONDON, U.K..SHIPMENT PERIOD44D：2400PAIRS OF ARTICLE NO. 5001 AND 2400PAIRS OF ARTICLE NO. 5002 SHIPPED IN JULY, 2019; 2400PAIRS OF ARTICLE NO. 5001 AND 2400PAIRS OF ARTICLE NO. 5002 SHIPPED IN AUG. 2019DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICES.45A：PAC BOOTS AS PER ORDER NO.8778ART. NO. QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT 5001 4800PAIRS USD15.60/PAIR USD74880.00 5002 4800PAIRS USD14.80/PAIR USD71040.00 AT CFR LONDON, U.K. AS PER INCOTERMS® 2010.DOCUMENTS REQUIRED46A：+ SIGNED IN INK INVOICE IN QUADRUPLICATE.+ FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILL OF LADING MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID” MADE OUT TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK NOTIFYING THE APPLICANT.+ PACKING LIST IN QUADRUPLICATE.+ CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN CERTIFIED BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OR CCPIT.+ SHIPPING ADVICE SHOWING THE NAME OF THE CARRYING VESSEL, DATE OF SHIPMENT, MARKS, QUANTITY, NET WEIGHT AND GROSS WEIGHT OF THE SHIPMENT TO APPLICANT WITHIN 1 DAY AFTER THE DATE OF BILL OF LADING.ADDITIONAL CONDITION47A：+ ALL DOCUMENTS MUST INDICATE THE NUMBER OF THIS CREDIT. + ALL PRESENTATIONS CONTAINING DISCREPANCIES WILL ATTRACT A DISCREPANCY FEE OF USD50.00 PLUS TELEX COSTS OR OTHER CURRENCY EQUIVALENT. THIS CHARGE WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM THE BILL AMOUNT WHETHER OR NOT WE ELECT TO CONSULT THE APPLICANT FOR A WAIVER CHARGES71B：ALL CHARGES OUT OF ISSUING BANK ARE FOR ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARY. CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTION49 ：WITHOUTINFORMATION TO PRESENTING BANK78 ：ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE REMITTED IN TWO LOTS BY COURIER TO BANK OF CHINA，LONDON, 90 CANNON STREET, LONDON EC4N 6HA, U.K. 2019年6月28日，福建宫平进出口有限公司外贸单证员陶勇从外贸业务员处获得第一批货物出运信息： （1）品名、规格、数量： 雪地靴，ART. NO. 5001：2400双；ART. NO. 5002：2400双。 （2）包装： 规格 纸箱尺寸 每箱净重 每箱毛重 装箱量 ART. NO. 5001 70厘米×46厘米×40厘米 12.6千克 17.3千克 6双/箱 ART. NO. 5002 70厘米×46厘米×40厘米 10千克 14.6千克 6双/箱 （3）商业发票号码：19GP0101 （4）商业发票日期：2019年6月30日 （5）SHIPPING MARKS: N/M【实训任务】 根据以上业务信息分别在“空白商业发票”和“空白装箱单”完成以下2项工作任务： 任务1：制作商业发票。 任务2：制作装箱单

Read the article below about price planning.

Choose the best sentence from the list to fill each of the gaps.

For each gap 8—12 mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.

Do not mark any letter more than once.

There is an example at the beginning.

A price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is G The value of a goods or service can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings(8)… An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumer's pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an example to take place, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price of a goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power(9)…To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sale and profit levels.

Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called, (10)… : monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties.

A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, (11)…This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price.

From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand, (12)…

A a price contains all the terms of purchase

B obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturer

C where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-in

D available for other items

E Prices are usually reduced by sellers

F price means what one pays for what he wants

G systematic decision-making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing

(8)

overfishing, illegal catches and oil exploration, the World Wildlife Fund says.

2 In a report to be released on Thursday, the environmental group said the world's largest remaining cod stock, in the Barents Sea, was under particular threat.

3 The world's cod fisheries are disappearing fast, with a global catch that declined to 1 million tons in 2000, from 3.42 million tons in 1970, the report said.

4 "If such a trend continues, the world's cod stocks will disappear in 15 years time," it said.

5 In North America, the catch has declined by 90 percent since the early 1980's, while in European waters, the catch of North Sea cod is now just 25 percent of what it was two decades ago.

6 "Overfishing of cod continues because fisheries policies are driven by short-term economic interests," said Simon Cripps, head of the group's oceans program.

7 The Barents Sea, north of Norway and Russia, is one of the world's richest fishing grounds, accounting for half the global cod catch. But although numbers there appear healthy, this may not last, the World Wildlife Fund said.

8 High fishing quotas for 2004 are unsustainable, the group maintained. Some 110,000 tons of cod are also believed to be caught there illegally every year, further denting stocks, it said.

9 "The onus is on Russia and Norway to prevent the Barents Sea cod stock suffering a similar fate as the Canadian cod stock, which collapsed in the 1990's and has not yet recovered," Mr. Cripps said.

10 The World Wildlife Fund said it believed that Barents Sea cod were also threatened by expanded shipping and oil exploration plans.

11 on Tuesday, the Norwegian authorities said the potentially oil-rich sea would be reopened for exploration, after a pause to address environmental concerns about protecting the fragile ecosystem in Arctic waters.

12 Russia, meanwhile, is planning to bolster shipping by developing a new export route via its ice-free, deep-water port of Murmansk, which would give supertankers an economical route to transport oil to the East Coast of the United States.

The principle idea of the article is ______.

A．the factors affecting cod stocks

B．that Barents Sea cod are threatened

C．that Wildlife Fund sees threat to cod stocks

D．how to save cod stock from diminishing

材料：

The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers on an international level. Previously the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely, even though shipping is the most international of all industries.

The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.

The Convention did not deal with manning levels: IMO provisions in this area are covered by regulation 13 of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, whose requirements are backed up by resolution A.890(21) Principles of safe manning, adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1999, which replaced an earlier resolution A.481(XII) adopted in 1981.

The Articles of the Convention include requirements relating to issues surrounding certification and Port State Control.

One especially important feature of the Convention is that it applies to ships of non-party States when visiting ports of States which are Parties to the Convention. Article X requires Parties to apply the control measures to ships of all flags to the extent necessary to ensure that no more favorable treatment is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party than is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State that is a Party.

The difficulties which could arise for ships of States which are not Parties to the Convention is one reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance. By December 2000, the STCW Convention had 135 Parties, representing 97.53 percent of world shipping tonnage.

问题：

Before the establish of the STCW78, the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of seafarers _____.

A.were established by IMO

B.were established by a famous organization

C.were established by individual governments with reference to practices in other countries

D.varied widely among countries

The regulation 13 of Chapter V of the SOLAS 1974 covered _____.A.the manning of ships

B.the standards of training certification

C.the standards of training

D.the standards of watch-keeping

One especially important feature of the STCW Convention is _____.A.the adoption of the policy “ more favorable treatment”

B.“ no more favorable treatment” to Non-parties of the convention

C.the adoption of the minimum standards

D.the adoption of the obligatory standards

One reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance is _____.A.that it is only the minimum standards

B.that it is the obligatory standards

C.that it is established by IMO

D.difficulties could arise for ships entitled to fly the flag of a Non-Party State

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers on an international level. Previously the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely, even though shipping is the most international of all industries.

The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.

The Convention did not deal with manning levels: IMO provisions in this area are covered by regulation 13 of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, whose requirements are backed up by resolution A.890(21) Principles of safe manning, adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1999, which replaced an earlier resolution A.481(XII) adopted in 1981.

The Articles of the Convention include requirements relating to issues surrounding certification and Port State Control.

One especially important feature of the Convention is that it applies to ships of non-party States when visiting ports of States which are Parties to the Convention. Article X requires Parties to apply the control measures to ships of all flags to the extent necessary to ensure that no more favorable treatment is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party than is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State that is a Party.

The difficulties which could arise for ships of States which are not Parties to the Convention is one reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance. By December 2000, the STCW Convention had 135 Parties, representing 97.53 percent of world shipping tonnage.

问题：

Before the establish of the STCW78, the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of seafarers _____.

A.were established by IMO

B.were established by a famous organization

C.were established by individual governments with reference to practices in other countries

D.varied widely among countries

The regulation 13 of Chapter V of the SOLAS 1974 covered _____.A.the manning of ships

B.the standards of training certification

C.the standards of training

D.the standards of watch-keeping

One especially important feature of the STCW Convention is _____.A.the adoption of the policy “ more favorable treatment”

B.“ no more favorable treatment” to Non-parties of the convention

C.the adoption of the minimum standards

D.the adoption of the obligatory standards

One reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance is _____.A.that it is only the minimum standards

B.that it is the obligatory standards

C.that it is established by IMO

D.difficulties could arise for ships entitled to fly the flag of a Non-Party State

&8226;Read the article below about the financial risks.

&8226;Choose the best sentence from the list A-G to fill each of the gaps.

&8226;For each gap (8-12), mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

Several types of financial risks are encountered in international marketing. The major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.

Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in everyday business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, (8) which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or (9) One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.

Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risks. As many companies have discovered sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, (10) .

Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers (11) . International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. (12) devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.

A．Before rates were permitted to float

B．commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.

C．so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market

D．Corporation can take some measure to avoid financial risks.

E．however, is competition

F．any other disagreement over which payment is withheld

G．to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning

(8)

？Read the article below about financial risks.

？Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps,

？For each gap 8—12, mark one letter (A—a) on your Answer Sheet.

？De not use any letter more than once.

？There is an example at the beginning.

Financial Risks

Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.

Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, (8) which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or (9) . One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, (10) .

Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers (11) . International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. (12) , devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.

A. After serious consideration

B. commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.

C. however, is competition

D. any other disagreement over which payment is withheld

E. to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning

F. so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market

G. Before rates were permitted to float

(8)

An inventor and owner of an innovative company that sells woodworking machinery and tools read an article about the hearing loss woodworkers commonly suffered due to the extremely loud machinery. He was struck with the “perfect” idea: a noiseless power saw, which would not only help humanity by helping to save the hearing of millions of woodworkers, but which was also certain to yield a large profit. The inventor researched companies working to develop quieter engines and discovered a little-known manufacturer whose owner had invented an unusually quiet engine The inventor believed it could be adapted for power saws and other machinery. His only concern was whether the “silent” engine would be powerful enough to cut through all types of wood. After extensive negotiations, the inventor agreed to purchase 5,000 “silent” engines for $50 each, to be shipped to the inventor’s warehouse with his having prepaid the shipping cost. The purchase and sale agreement stipulated that each engine must be powerful enough to allow the saw to cut through both hard and soft woods of all types. The contract further provided that the manufacturer would deliver the engines in lots of 500 units each month, beginning on October 1, and that he would pay for each lot within 48 hours of delivery. After the first shipment of engines was delivered to the warehouse on October 1, the inventor sent the manufacturer a $25,000 check. However, after testing all 500 engines, the inventor found that not a single engine was capable of producing the power necessary to cut all types of wood. The inventor notified the manufacturer that he was hereby rejecting the engines already delivered and that he would reject all future deliveries because the engines did not meet the minimum power requirements. With regards to the 500 engines delivered to the inventor, what amount of damages can the inventor recover and/or what remedies are available to hi.？

A、(A) Two-thirds of the $25,000 he paid for the engines.

B、(B) The entire $25,000 he paid for the engines, but he cannot resell the engines.

C、(C) The entire $25,000 he paid for the engines, or he can resell the engines.

D、(D) No damages.

o lure new customers and spend so little to keep them after they've been landed. It just doesn't make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference.

Loyal customers are an organization's only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn't cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage(光顾) isn't all that difficult. It's a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to.

We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there's many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on.

Sometimes these errors or failures can't be helped. For example, if you can't get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they've ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame—for example, failing to clearly identify the article or service required.

Yet no matter who is at fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said "customers whom you value highly." The old saying(格言) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally, get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.

The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following？ _____

A．Business organizations should not spend so much money to attract new customers

B．Maintaining customers' patronage is the most important to business organizations'

C．Customers are kings

D．Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

One of the odd things about some business oranizations is that they spend so much money to lure (吸引) new customers and spend so little to keep them after they've been landed. It just doesn't make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifference.

Loyal customers are an organization's only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful (可耻的). Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till (钱袋), they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesn't cost a penny. And although there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage (光顾) isn't all that difficult. It's matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little more than you have to.

We said there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and there's many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on.

Sometimes these errors or failures can't be helped. For example, if you can't get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods they've ordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame—for example. Failing to clearly identify the article or service required.

Yet no matter who is at fault customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of any doubt. Note that we said "customers whom you value hightly." The old saw (格言) that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered (纠缠) to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.

The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following？

A．Business organizations should not spend so much money to attract new customers.

B．Maintaining customers' patronage is the most important to business organizations.

C．Customers are kings.

D．Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers.