Section D听力原文： The authors of the （21) survey ...

Section D

听力原文： The authors of the (21) survey note that as long as responsibility for childcare is with the women. They will remain (22) trapped in the family. They also point out that concessions to women in the world of work often result in women being (23) compelled into less well paid jobs. This already happens in regard to part-time workers who are paid a lower (24) hourly wage than full-time workers. They point out that men have to square to their responsibility as fathers. The key they (25) emphasize is a change in men's attitudes.

However what was not (26) mentioned is that no matter how attitudes change, men are as (27) powerless as individuals in regard to their working conditions as women are. With all the goodwill in the world they cannot change their employer/employee (28) relationship, they cannot adjust their working hours to suit childcare just as women can. A more (29) fundamental conclusion would be that society at the moment, capitalism, does not want to accommodate any of the problems of childcare, preferring to leave it up to the individual to make their own (30) arrangements as best as they can.

The authors of the【21】note that as long as responsibility for childcare is with the women. They will remain【22】in the family. They also point out that concessions to women in the world of work often result in women being【23】into less well paid jobs. This already happens in regard to part-time workers who are paid a lower【24】wage than full-time workers. They point out that men have to square to their responsibility as fathers. The key they【25】is a change in men's attitudes.

However what was not【26】is that no matter how attitudes change, men are as【27】as individuals in regard to their working conditions as women are. With all the goodwill in the world they cannot change their employer/employee【28】, they cannot adjust their working hours to suit childcare just as women can. A more【29】conclusion would be that society at the moment, capitalism, does not want to accommodate any of the problems of childcare, preferring to leave it up to the individual to make their own【30】as best as they can.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： If there is any single (21) factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and (22) actually profit by it in his next (23) undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are (24) doomed indeed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail: it is your own (25) refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.

Defeats are nothing to be (26) ashamed of. They often occur in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it, analyze it and learn why you are defeated. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can (27) arouse within us such a compelling (28) desire to success. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more (29) tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is the same (30) reaction which should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you make the best of the power which defeat gives, you can succeed with it far more than you are capable of.

If there is any single【21】that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and【22】profit by it in his next【23】. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are【24】indeed to failure. For it isn't defeat that makes you fail: it is your own【25】to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.

Defeats are nothing to be【26】of. They often occur in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it, analyze it and learn why you are defeated. Not only does defeat prepare us for success, but nothing can【27】within us such a compelling【28】to success. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to pull it away, he will cling more and more【29】until his whole weight is suspended. It is the same【30】which should give you new and greater strength every time you are defeated. If you make the best of the power which defeat gives, you can succeed with it far more than you are capable of.

(21)

听力原文：This is supposed to be fiction but I think the author has drawn on her own experience, as is the usual case with most of the story-tellers.

(24)

A．The author has included some of her life in the book.

B．Like most story-tellers, she is fond of drawing illustration for her book.

C．The author is supposed to be experienced at writing friction, yet I find her book bit disappointing.

D．Experience and personal imagination is of equal importance to such a story-teller as her.

听力原文： Before you start to read, you guess what the author is going to tell you. One of the real pleasures we get from reading mystery stories is guessing who did it and how the criminal was caught. Guessing is just as important, however, in reading a newspaper, magazine, or required reading in textbooks. When you guess, you alert your mind to a challenge. You look at the title or chapter heading or any other clues such as pictures or graphs, and you guess what the material will tell you. Then you are involved. The thought game has started. You may not be right and win the mental challenge, and that is good. It is good because when you lose this mental game and are wrong, your ability to understand and remember what the author said will be greatly increased. It sounds like we are saying, "It is all right to be wrong," and that is exactly what we are saying in connection with guessing. We learn and remember more from our mistakes than from things we get right.

Readers guess what the book is going to tell them by reading the following EXCEPT _________.

A．the price of the book

B．the title of the book

C．the pictures of the book

D．the author of the book

Section D

听力原文： One of the most interesting developments in the toy market has been the revival of interest in that most traditional of toys : train sets. Models of all sorts, but especially railways, were unfashionable in the 1980s and 1990s, but they have become big business in the last few years. In Britain there has always been a strong interest in railways, as can be seen from the number of people who go "train spotting"--collecting information about locomotives and train movements. This also explains why Britain is the largest model railway market in Europe.

Modern train sets are introducing children, who may never have traveled on a real train, to the joys of railway modeling. For parents, model railways are a healthier indoor alternative to computers and video games. Model trains are more lasting than other toys, and their quality is superb. This has added to their popularity with both parents and children. Interestingly, the majority of purchasers of model railways today are adults, not children. By that I do not mean that parents buy model railways for their children, although obviously this happens a great deal. I mean adults who are willing to spend a lot of money on miniature locomotives and relive part of their childhood. Purchasers of model trains are often wealthy middle-aged men, such as bankers and business executives.

One of the most interesting developments in the toy market has been the【21】in that most traditional of toys: train sets. Models of all sorts, but especially railways, were【22】in the 1980s and 1990s, but they have become big business in the last few years. In Britain there has always been a strong interest in railways, as can be seen from the number of people who go "train spotting"--【23】about locomotives and train movements. This also explains why Britain is the largest model railway market in Europe.

Modern train sets are introducing children, who may never have traveled on a real train, to the joys of railway modeling. For parents, model railways are a【24】to computers and video games. Model trains are more lasting than other toys, and their quality is【25】. This has added to their【26】with both parents and children. Interestingly, the【27】of purchasers of model railways today are adults, not children. By that I do not mean that parents buy model railways for their children, although【28】this happens a great deal. I mean adults who are willing to spend a lot of money on miniature locomotives and【29】part of their childhood. Purchasers of model trains are often【30】, such as bankers and business executives.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： After reaching its peak in 1990s, journalism seems to be cast in bleak and grim prospects. We are enduring the worst recession in the advertising market since at least the 1950s.

Yet, I am optimistic about the future of journalism. Journalism is the business of bringing information and opinion about public affairs to a mass audience. So long as the people want to know the world around, they will want journalism.

In fact, the growth of journalism is rapid and all transforming than any change since the advent of cheap printing, newspaper, radio or other mass media. However, contrasts are obvious. Over the past decade and a half, many newsmagazines are dying, but the Economist, also a news magazine, flourishes.

The TV networks are shrinking. The American networks' evening programs have only a little more than half the audience they had a decade ago. Yet there is more and better news and information program available to North American viewers than ever before. The daily newspapers are losing their readers. And yet, the newspaper readers have access to almost every title in the world instantaneously, either free or at a lower cost.

Journalists feel that cost-conscious managements are squeezing their ability to do serious and in-depth and unusual work. But we can check into the vast on-line network of bloggers and learn from somebody directly on the spot more facts than even the most lavishly funded reporter would ever tell me.

So if these are the worst of times, they are also the best of times.

After reaching its【21】in 1990s, journalism seems to be cast in bleak and grim prospects. We are enduring the worst【22】in the advertising market since at least the 1950s.

Yet, I am【23】about the future of journalism. Journalism is the business of bringing information and opinion about public affairs to a mass audience. So long as the people want to know the world around, they will want【24】.

In fact, the growth of journalism is rapid and all【25】than any change since the advent of cheap【26】, newspaper, radio or other mass media. However, contrasts are obvious. Over the past decade and a half, many newsmagazines are dying, but the【27】, also a news magazine, flourishes.

The TV networks are【28】. The American networks' evening programs have only a little more than half the audience they had a decade ago. Yet there is more and better news and information program available to North American viewers than ever before.

The daily newspapers are losing their readers. And yet, the newspaper readers have【29】to almost every title in the world instantaneously, either free or at a lower cost.

Journalists feel that cost-conscious【30】are squeezing their ability to do serious and in-depth and unusual work. But we can check into the vast on-line network of bloggers and learn from somebody directly on the spot more facts than even the most lavishly funded reporter would ever tell me.

So if these are the worst of times, they are also the best of times.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more (21) productive. Some experts (22) claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is (23) evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not (24) actually make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is (25) concerned, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no (26) doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated (27) machinery which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But (28) perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar (29) argument may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we (30) succeed in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more【21】. Some experts【22】the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is【23】to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not【24】make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is【25】, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no【26】that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated【27】which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But【28】they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar【29】may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we【30】in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

(21)

听力原文： The Yugoslav authorities have announced the arrest of a man suspected of killing the Serb paramilitary leader known as Arkan, who was shot dead in Belgrade a week ago. Police say the suspected killer is a 23-year-old former police officer. He is said to be still recovering from wounds sustained during the attack. Police say they have also detained 2 of his accomplices.

What is the suspected killer?

A．A 23-year-old former police officer.

B．The Serb paramilitary leader.

C．Arkan' s accomplices.

D．A policeman.

听力原文： The African ancestors of today's black Americans were brought to the U. S. slaves in the seventeenth，eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries．They worked on farms，especially the large farms in the southern states．Slowly they became a necessary part of the economic system of the South．

Slaves did not have the rights of people，according to the law, they were“things”which belonged to the person who bought them．They had to obey the orders of their owners without question． They were not allowed to learn to read, because their owners feared that educated slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their freedom. Slaves had to work long hours in extremely unhealthy conditions．Their owners had complete power over them．They could be bought and sold like animals．At the slave markets, black children were separated from their parents and never saw them again． Slave owners had the right to punish severely any slave who broke rules or protested against the system. Slaves were often beaten brutally by their owners or killed． After the Civil War, one free slave reported that his owners killed an older slave who was teaching him to read. There was a law against brutality to slaves, so in theory an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished. In practice，however, the law meant nothing．Another law said that slaves could not give evidence against white people，so very few owners were ever punished for their brutality.

(33)

A．They were too busy working to learn to read.

B．Their owners were afraid they could read.

C．They had no one to teach them to read.

D．They thought reading was not necessary.

Section D

听力原文： Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to pay for it. But the act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are 3 kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers—unread and untouched. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is indispensable to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is thinking, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of relaxation. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. For example, underlining, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to【21】for it. But the act of purchase is only the【22】to possession. Full【23】won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are kinds of book owners. The first has all the【24】sets and best-sellers—unread and【25】. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is【26】to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is【27】, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of【28】. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and【29】For example,【30】, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

(21)