Section D听力原文： After reaching its peak in 1990...

Section D

听力原文： After reaching its peak in 1990s, journalism seems to be cast in bleak and grim prospects. We are enduring the worst recession in the advertising market since at least the 1950s.

Yet, I am optimistic about the future of journalism. Journalism is the business of bringing information and opinion about public affairs to a mass audience. So long as the people want to know the world around, they will want journalism.

In fact, the growth of journalism is rapid and all transforming than any change since the advent of cheap printing, newspaper, radio or other mass media. However, contrasts are obvious. Over the past decade and a half, many newsmagazines are dying, but the Economist, also a news magazine, flourishes.

The TV networks are shrinking. The American networks' evening programs have only a little more than half the audience they had a decade ago. Yet there is more and better news and information program available to North American viewers than ever before. The daily newspapers are losing their readers. And yet, the newspaper readers have access to almost every title in the world instantaneously, either free or at a lower cost.

Journalists feel that cost-conscious managements are squeezing their ability to do serious and in-depth and unusual work. But we can check into the vast on-line network of bloggers and learn from somebody directly on the spot more facts than even the most lavishly funded reporter would ever tell me.

So if these are the worst of times, they are also the best of times.

After reaching its【21】in 1990s, journalism seems to be cast in bleak and grim prospects. We are enduring the worst【22】in the advertising market since at least the 1950s.

Yet, I am【23】about the future of journalism. Journalism is the business of bringing information and opinion about public affairs to a mass audience. So long as the people want to know the world around, they will want【24】.

In fact, the growth of journalism is rapid and all【25】than any change since the advent of cheap【26】, newspaper, radio or other mass media. However, contrasts are obvious. Over the past decade and a half, many newsmagazines are dying, but the【27】, also a news magazine, flourishes.

The TV networks are【28】. The American networks' evening programs have only a little more than half the audience they had a decade ago. Yet there is more and better news and information program available to North American viewers than ever before.

The daily newspapers are losing their readers. And yet, the newspaper readers have【29】to almost every title in the world instantaneously, either free or at a lower cost.

Journalists feel that cost-conscious【30】are squeezing their ability to do serious and in-depth and unusual work. But we can check into the vast on-line network of bloggers and learn from somebody directly on the spot more facts than even the most lavishly funded reporter would ever tell me.

So if these are the worst of times, they are also the best of times.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to pay for it. But the act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are 3 kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers—unread and untouched. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is indispensable to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is thinking, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of relaxation. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. For example, underlining, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

Effective reading requires not only "reading between the lines," but also "writing between the lines. "

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is to【21】for it. But the act of purchase is only the【22】to possession. Full【23】won't come unless you have absorbed the ideas to do you any good.

There are kinds of book owners. The first has all the【24】sets and best-sellers—unread and【25】. The second has a great many books, all of which as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third, however, has a collection of books that are all dog-eared and dilapidated.

Marking up a book is【26】to reading. First, it keeps you awake. Second, active reading is【27】, which expresses itself in words. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had or the thoughts the author expressed.

Light fictions like Gone with the Wind do not require active reading. They can be read in a state of【28】. But great books cannot be read while you're asleep.

There are a number of devices for marking a book intelligently and【29】For example,【30】, vertical lines at the margin, stars or asterisks at the margin, numbers in the margin, numbers of other pages in the margin and circling of key words or phrases.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： Broadly speaking, there are two types of paintings: representational and abstract. The former portrays specific, recognizable physical objects.

For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the emphasis began to shift to unconscious feeling.

There are two types of abstract paintings. "Abstracted" paintings may not look realistic, but you can get an idea of what you are looking at. "Pure" abstract paintings are just shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on.

In truth, there is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye. To truly appreciate a work of art, you need to understand there must be context involved and a particular environment created. More importantly, art allows us indirect access to our inner psyche. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our existence, even if we don't realize what we are doing.

The reason abstract art has the potential to be so powerful is that it keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. This, of course, only works if you cooperate with the artist. If you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants.

Broadly speaking, there are two types of paintings :【21】and abstract. The former portrays specific, recognizable physical objects.

For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the【22】began to shift to unconscious feeling.

There are two types of abstract paintings. "【23】" paintings may not look realistic, but you can get an idea of what you are looking at. "【24】" abstract paintings are just shapes, colors, lines, patterns ,, and so on.

In truth, there is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye. To truly appreciate a work of art, you need to understand there must be【25】involved and a particular【26】created. More importantly, art allows us indirect access to our inner【27】. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our【28】, even if we don't realize what we are doing.

The reason abstract art has the【29】to be so powerful is that i: keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. This, of course, only works if you【30】with the artist. If you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants.

(21)

Section D

听力原文： One of the most interesting developments in the toy market has been the revival of interest in that most traditional of toys : train sets. Models of all sorts, but especially railways, were unfashionable in the 1980s and 1990s, but they have become big business in the last few years. In Britain there has always been a strong interest in railways, as can be seen from the number of people who go "train spotting"--collecting information about locomotives and train movements. This also explains why Britain is the largest model railway market in Europe.

Modern train sets are introducing children, who may never have traveled on a real train, to the joys of railway modeling. For parents, model railways are a healthier indoor alternative to computers and video games. Model trains are more lasting than other toys, and their quality is superb. This has added to their popularity with both parents and children. Interestingly, the majority of purchasers of model railways today are adults, not children. By that I do not mean that parents buy model railways for their children, although obviously this happens a great deal. I mean adults who are willing to spend a lot of money on miniature locomotives and relive part of their childhood. Purchasers of model trains are often wealthy middle-aged men, such as bankers and business executives.

One of the most interesting developments in the toy market has been the【21】in that most traditional of toys: train sets. Models of all sorts, but especially railways, were【22】in the 1980s and 1990s, but they have become big business in the last few years. In Britain there has always been a strong interest in railways, as can be seen from the number of people who go "train spotting"--【23】about locomotives and train movements. This also explains why Britain is the largest model railway market in Europe.

Modern train sets are introducing children, who may never have traveled on a real train, to the joys of railway modeling. For parents, model railways are a【24】to computers and video games. Model trains are more lasting than other toys, and their quality is【25】. This has added to their【26】with both parents and children. Interestingly, the【27】of purchasers of model railways today are adults, not children. By that I do not mean that parents buy model railways for their children, although【28】this happens a great deal. I mean adults who are willing to spend a lot of money on miniature locomotives and【29】part of their childhood. Purchasers of model trains are often【30】, such as bankers and business executives.

(21)

听力原文：M: Hello, Campus Daily, advertising department. This is Mark speaking.

W: Hi. I'm calling to place a couple of ads.

M: Sure. Under what classification?

W: Well, I want one in the "Roommate Wanted" section.

M: All right. And how would you like that to read?

W: OK, it should read "Female roommate wanted for pleasant and sunny, two-bedroom apartment on Ellinwood Avenue, three blocks from campus. Share rent and utilities. Available September 1. Call between 5 and 9 P.M. and ask for Cecilia".

M: Fine. And what about your other ad?

W: That one I'd like is under "Merchandise for Sale," and I'd like it to read "Matching blue and white sofa and easy chair, excellent condition, $350 or best order. Call between 5 and 9 P.M. and ask for Cecilia." Did you get all that?

M: Uh-huh. You'll want your phone numbers on these, right?

W: Oh, sure. Thanks for reminding me—it's 555-6972.

M: And how long do you want these ads to run?

F: For a week, I suppose. How much would that be?

M: It's five dollars a week per line. Each of your ads will take up three lines, so that's $15 per ad.

(23)

A．At a newspaper.

B．At an advertising agency.

C．At a furniture store.

D．At a real estate office.

Section D

听力原文： Good morning. This morning we are continuing our look at Australia and its natural problems. Actually dryness, or aridity, as it is generally called by geographers, is probably the most challenging of Australia's natural problems and so it is very important in this course for you to have a good understanding of the subject. For Australia, water is a precious resource and its wise management is of the greatest importance.

As I have said, Australia is a dry continent, second only to Antarctica in its lack of rainfall. Long hours of hot sunshine and searing winds give Australia an extremely high rate of evaporation, far more than in most other countries. It is estimated that approximately 87% of Australia's rainfall is lost through evaporation, compared with just over 60% in Europe and Africa and 48% in North America. You generally think of many parts of Australia standing water, that is dams, puddles and so forth, dry up rapidly and some rainfall barely penetrates the soil. The reason for this is that thirsty plants absorb the moisture.

Some parts of Australia are dry because rainwater seeps quickly through sandy soil and into the rock below. In parts of Australia this water, which seeps through the sandy soils collects underground to form. underground lakes. Water from these subterranean lakes can be pumped to the surface and lapped and so used for various purposes above the ground. In fact, extensive underground water is too salty to be used for human consumption or for the irrigation of crops. However, most inland farmers do rely on this water for watering their animal and, where possible, to a lesser extent for irrigation.

Underground water can flow very large distances and can be kept in underground reservoirs for a very long time. Water from these underground bubbles to the surface as springs in some parts of the country, and there rare sources of permanent water were vital to early explorers of island Australia, and to other pioneers last century, who used the springs for survival. But in many places levels have fallen drastically through continuous use over the year. This has necessitated the pumping of the water to the surface. Remarkably, underground water sources in Australia supply about 18% of total water consumption. So you can see it is quite an important source of water in this dry land.

So most of the consumption of water in Australia comes from water which is kept above ground. More than 300 dams regulate river flows around the country. The dams store water for a variety of function, the rural irrigation of crops, without which many productive areas of the country would not be able to be farmed ; the regulation of flooding, a serious problem which will be dealt with later in the course; and last but not least, the harnessing of the force of gravity for the generation of electricity. That is all we have for this morning, but you will be able to do further study on this important area in the interested, please come up to the desk and take a copy.

Australia is【21】driest continent in this world. The evaporation rate of rainfall in Australia is【22】.

The reason for rapid drying-up of water and bare penetrating of the soil of rainfall is that the moisture is absorbed by.【23】

In sandy soils rainwater can【24】

Water is mainly pumped up for【25】

Natural springs are located in some parts【26】

Underground water supplies about 18% of the【27】

The dams store water for a variety of functions:

the rural irrigation【28】

the regulation【29】

the generation【30】

(21)

Section D

听力原文： The native people of North and South America were given the name "Indians" by the (21) explorer Christopher Columbus. He thought he had reached the place called the Indies. In time, the (22) terms American Indian and Indian became (23) widely used.

About two million Native Americans live in the United States today. Some Indians lived on (24) government land called reservations, or on (25) tribal lands. Others live in cities.

Traditional culture remains strong in areas where large numbers of Indians live. But many Native Americans (26) worry that their cultural traditions will be lost as young people leave these areas for economic reasons.

The economic (27) situation of American Indians as a group is not good. About 50 percent of those who live on reservations have no jobs. Those who do have jobs earn less than other Americans. Most Indians hold low-paying (28) unskilled jobs. Indians have many health problems and do not live as long as other Americans. But the situation is improving as more Indians are becoming (29) educated. Today, most Native Americans graduate from high school. At least 9 percent of all Indians 25 years old or older have finished college. American Indians are trying to change their economic situation, improve their lives and (30) honor their culture.

The native people of North and South America were given the name "Indians" by the【21】Christopher Columbus. He thought he had reached the place called the Indies. In time, the【22】American Indian and Indian became【23】used.

About two million Native Americans live in the United States today. Some Indians lived on【24】land called reservations, or on【25】lands. Others live in cities.

Traditional culture remains strong in areas where large numbers of Indians live. But many Native Americans【26】that their cultural traditions will be lost as young people leave these areas for economic reasons.

The economic【27】of American Indians as a group is not good. About 50 percent of those who live on reservations have no jobs. Those who do have jobs earn less than other Americans. Most Indians hold low-paying【28】jobs. Indians have many health problems and do not live as long as other Americans. But the situation is improving as more Indians are becoming【29】. Today, most Native Americans graduate from high school. At least 9 percent of all Indians 25 years old or older have finished college. American Indians are trying to change their economic situation, improve their lives and【30】their culture.

(21)

听力原文： The Bush administration has laid out its plans for increased defense spending in the coming fiscal year. But members of Congress appear unimpressed, with some suggesting the proposed increase is too little, too late, and others questioning where the money will come from. It is ironic. Top Pentagon officials, backed by Congress, still boast that America' s armed forces are the best in the world. But at the same time, they argue the US military is in pretty sad shape. The nation' s highest-ranking military officer, General Henry Shelton, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, tells Congress more and more defense money is being spent each year just to maintain weapons systems that he says are not aging gracefully.

Which of the following is proper description for members of Congress' attitude towards Bush administration' plans?

A．Not satisfied.

B．Very satisfied.

C．Still doubtful.

D．Opposed.

Section D

听力原文： In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more (21) productive. Some experts (22) claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is (23) evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not (24) actually make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is (25) concerned, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no (26) doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated (27) machinery which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But (28) perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar (29) argument may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we (30) succeed in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more【21】. Some experts【22】the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is【23】to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not【24】make it harder. As far as increasing productivity is【25】, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no【26】that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated【27】which must be used in a fixed way.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But【28】they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar【29】may explain demands for shorter hours. Perhaps if we【30】in making their jobs more interesting, neither more money, nor shorter working hours will be so important to them.

(21)

听力原文： After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethbell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement. But that kind of life is not for Ethbell Pepper. "I just wanted to do something different. If you are going to participate in life, do it. Don't just sit down and look out the window," she says. At 68, she decided to become one of the pioneer participants in a program at the University of California. The program offers campus housing and classes to people over sixty. She enrolled in a class called Human Relationships in a Diverse Society. "I taught my minority students in my English and drama classes in high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures that I didn't know then. One of the most important lessons that I'm learning is to perceive, not to judge." Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience. Their presence on campus helps break some long beliefs about aging. Young students may have fears of growing older. But that kind of fear can be reduced as they see that older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society. The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.

(33)

A．She sat back and relaxed.

B．She decided to retire.

C．She entered university.

D．She worked out a new English program.