相声是一种以对话为形式的中国传统喜剧表演。它是中国最流行的表演艺术，主要用北京方言进行表演。

early retirement? 查看材料

A.People compelled into early retirement tend to smoke and drink．

B.Blue collars in Austria are willing to withdraw from their work．

C.Retiring early increases the possibility of living over 67．

D.People should hold on to their jobs even being paid less．

Unemployment is harmful to happiness because 查看材料

A.retirement is attractive and keeps people away from hard work

B.not working may mean a failure to maintain social recognition

C.jobless people only depend on their pensions for a living

D.people after retirement still live up to social expectations

查看材料

A.Older people feel thankful for working in a stable environment．

B.Young people feel unpleasant about being paid less than their peers．

C.The success of peers exerts a negative impact on people over 45．

D.Young workers under 45 appreciate a much smaller ttmnel effect．

料

A.The economic development of Eastern Europe is rather static．

B.People feel satisfied with Denmark"s economic development．

C.The income of others has a positive effect in Germany"s individual corporations．

D.The income of others affects employees" contentment in Denmark"s private firms．

Questions are based on the following passage．

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness．One is negative: athinner pay packet hurts self-esteem （ 自尊）．The other is called the "tunnel" effect: the income gap isseen as improving your own chances of similar riches．

A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St．Andrews separates the two effectsusing data from household surveys in Germany．Previous work showed that the income of others canhave a small， or even positive， overall effect on employees" satisfaction in individual finns in Denmarkor in very dynamic economies， such as Eastern Europe．But Mr．FitzRoy"s tean~ proposed that olderworkers， who largely know their lifetime incomes already， will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect．Thenegative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for peopleaged under 45．In western Germany， seeing peers" incomes rising actually makes young people happier．It is only those people over 45， when careers have "reached a stable position"， whose happiness is harmed by the success of others．

The prospect of more than 20 years of hard work might make retirement seem more attractive．Those with jobs are no happier after they retire， however， perhaps because their lives already agree with social expectations．Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls shortof social expectations．Pensions or increased leisure time cannot make up for the loss of social acceptance．Unemployed people are dissatisfied with their life not only because they have lowerincomes， but also because they may get low and negative recognition from others．

Indeed， retiring early from work can have side-effects．Another paper， co-authored by AndreasKuhn of the University of Zurich， investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurancerules that allow blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others．Men retiring a yearearly lower their chance of surviving to age 67 by 13%．Almost a third of this higher death rate seemed

to be concentrated among those who were forced into early retirement by job loss．The death wascaused by smoking and alcohol consumption．If you"re in a job， even when you are paid less， hang on in there．

One of the effects of lower pay than your peers‘ is that__________． 查看材料

A.it can motivate you to struggle for a similar salary

B.it can inspire you to argue with your manager

C.it may make you feel proud of your peers

D.it may force you to quit your current work

查看材料

A.a lot of digital equipment

B.the students" continuous progress

C.a great amount of digital information a digital textbook can track

D.parents" and teachers" constant watch over students" development

查看材料

A.it stores the fixed material on different digital machines

B.it tests the students to make them more confident

C.it automatically presents movies based on the students" preference

D.it automatically matches learning material to students" needs

ital

tools" （ Line 3， Para．3） ? 查看材料

A.Education should employ the machine to improve learning．

B.Education should involve traditional textbooks in the digital world．

C.Education should include obtaining skills by the use of machine learning．

D.Education should reproduce traditional textbooks on the Web services．

查看材料

A.They have only put emphasis on learning experience．

B.They have made it difficult to have access to an e-book．

C.They have made it rather boring and inconvenient to learn．

D.They have just produced an electronic copy of print textbooks．

Questions are based on the following passage．

For years， high school students have received identical textbooks as their classmates．Even asstudents have different learning styles and abilities， they are force-fed the same materials．"Imagine adigital textbook where because I"m adifferent person and learn differently， my book is different thanyour book，" said Richard Baraniuk， founder of OpenStax．

OpenStax will spend two years developing the personalized books and then test them on Houston-area students．The books will also go through a review and evaluation process similar to traditionaltextbooks．Baranluk expects 60 people to review each book before publication to ensure its quality．The idea is to make learning easier， so students can go on to more successful careers and lives．

Baraniuk isn"t just reproducing physical textbooks on digital devices， a mistake e-book publishers havemade．He"s seriously rethinking that the educational experience should be in a world of digital tools．Todo this means involving individuals with skills traditionally left out of the textbook business．Baraniuk iscurrently hiring cognitive scientists and machine learning experts．Baraniuk wants to use the tactics of Google， Netfllx and Amazon to deliver a personalized experience．These Web services all rely oncomplex algorithms （算法） to automatically adjust their offerings for customers．Just as Netlix recommends different movies based on your preferences and viewing history， a textbook might present materials at a different pace．The textbook——which will be stored on a range of digital devices——will automatically adjust itself thanks to machine learning．As a student learns about a topic， he or she could be interrupted by brief quizzes that evaluate， whether he or she masters the area．Depending on how the student does， the subject could be reinforce~l with more material．Or a teacher could be automatically e-mailed that the student is struggling with a certain concept and could use some one-on-one attention．This personalized learning experience is possible thanks to the wealth of data a digital textbook cantrack．This data can be used to better track students" progress during a course．Parents and teacherscan monitor a student"s development and provide in time more proper assistm ce．With personalizedlearning methods， our students" talents will be better developed．

What do we learn about personalized books? 查看材料

A.Their quality will be ensured since they are developed by OpenStax．

B.They will be examined and judged before being published．

C.They will overlook different learning styles and abilities．

D.They will be much similar to traditional textbooks．