短文写作：​Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their position, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no _____(37), losing its market share in just a few years.

In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales _____(38). But consumers' preferences were already _____(39)toward touch-screen smartphone. With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share _____(40)rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he _____(41)in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at _____(42). Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most _____(43), Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's _____(44)success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

The company also embarked on a _____(45)cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the _____(46)of the company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.

37.【题干】_____

A.assumed假定的;承担

B.bias偏见

C.desperate令人绝望的

D.deterioration恶化

E.exception例外

F.fault错误

G.incidentally偶然地

H.notably显著地

I.previous之前的

J.relayed转播的

K.shifting改变

L.shrank缩减 shrink过去式

M.subtle微妙的

N.transmitting传送

O.worldwide全世界的

38.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

39.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

40.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

41.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

42.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

43.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

44.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

45.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

46.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同：中国还与马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。

中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。

  请将上面这段话翻译成英文，谢谢！

"There's an old saying in the space world: amateurs talk about technology, professionals talk about insurance." In an interview last year with The Economist, George Whitesides, chief executive of space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic, was placing his company in the latter category. But insurance will be cold comfort following the failure on October 31st of VSS Enterprise, resulting in the death of one pilot and the severe injury to another.

On top of the tragic loss of life, the accident in California will cast a long shadow over the future of space tourism, even before it has properly begun.

The notion of space tourism took hold in 2001 with a $20 million flight aboard a Russian spacecraft by Dennis Tito, a millionaire engineer with an adventurous streak. Just half a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then, for similarly astronomical price tags. But more recently, companies have begun to plan more affordable "suborbital" flights-briefer ventures just to the edge of space's vast darkness. Virgin Galactic had, prior to this week's accident, seemed closest to starting regular flights. The company has already taken deposits from around 800 would be space tourists, including Stephen Hawking.

After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic's founder, had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015. That now seems an impossible timeline. In July, a sister craft of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished. The other half will have to wait, as authorities of America's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Transportation Safety Board work out what went wrong.

In the meantime, the entire space tourism industry will be on tenterhooks(坐立不安). The 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles and services, prohibits the transportation secretary (and thereby the FAA) from regulating the design or operation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or passengers. That means that the FAA could suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to fly. It could also insist on checking private manned spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial aircraft. While that may make subotbital travel safer, it would add significant cost and complexity to an emerging industry that has until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and dreamy engineers.

How Virgin Galactic, regulators and the public respond to this most recent tragedy will determine whether and how soon private space travel can transcend that playground. There is no doubt that spaceflight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to free those risks, and to reduce them with the benefit of hard-won experience.

61.What is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?

A.It may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.

B.It has a strong negative impact on space tourism.

C.It may discourage rich people from space travel.

D.It has aroused public attention to safety issues.

62.What do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?

A.It has just built a craft for commercial flights.

B.It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.

C.It was about ready to start regular business.

D.It is the first to launch "suborbital” flights.

63.What is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Ace?(商业空间的发射修正案)

A.To ensure space travel safety.

B.To limit the FAA's functions.

C.To legalize private space exploration.

D.Tp promote the space tourism industry.

64.What might the FAA do after the recent accident in California?

A.Impose more rigid safety standards.

B.Stop certifying new space-tourist agencies.

C.Amend its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.

D.Suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.

65.What does the author think of private space travel?

A.It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.

B.It should not be confined to the rich only.

C.It should be strictly regulated.

D.It is too risky to carry on.

What does the author think of private space travel?

A.It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.

B.It should not be confined to the rich only.

C.It should be strictly regulated.

D.It is too risky to carry on.

What might the FAA do after the recent accident in California?

A.Impose more rigid safety standards.

B.Stop certifying new space-tourist agencies.

C.Amend its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.

D.Suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.

What is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Ace?(商业空间的发射修正案)

A.To ensure space travel safety.

B.To limit the FAA's functions.

C.To legalize private space exploration.

D.Tp promote the space tourism industry.

What do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?

A.It has just built a craft for commercial flights.

B.It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.

C.It was about ready to start regular business.

D.It is the first to launch "suborbital” flights.

What is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?

A.It may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.

B.It has a strong negative impact on space tourism.

C.It may discourage rich people from space travel.

D.It has aroused public attention to safety issues.

More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransfgord and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that knowledge to a new situation but a quality was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning." The researches asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (through the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction, major scientific ideas.

The researches decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles("How big are they?" and "What do they eat?"). The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.

Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondly schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit-asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specially, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.

This type of learning is not confined to museums of institutional settings. Informal learning environment tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form. and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depend on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, says, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.

56.What is traditional educators' interpretation of the search outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?

A.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems

B.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing issues.

C.Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.

D.Educated has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.

57.In what way are college students different from children?

A.They have learned to think critically

B.They are concerned about social issues

C.They are curious about specific features.

D.They have learned to work independently

58.What is benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?

A.It arouse students' interest in things around them.

B.It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.

C.It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.

D.It helps students realize not every question has an answer

59.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?

A.It allows for failures

B.It is entertaining

C.It charges no tuition

D.It meets practical need.

60.What does author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?

A.Train students to think about global issues.

B.Design more interactive classroom activities.

C.Make full use of informal learning resources.

D.Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.

What does author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?

A.Train students to think about global issues.

B.Design more interactive classroom activities.

C.Make full use of informal learning resources.

D.Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.