__？__he thought of it,the stars seemed always large and clear before the dawn of Christmas Day

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.

We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat　belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style. without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of healthrelated behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior. is usually one of personal choices.

There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior. that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.

36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.

A.personal health choices help cure most illnesses B.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C.it is essential to personal freedom in American society D.wrong decisions could head to poor health 

37. To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”

A.to live an inactive life                    B.to live a decent life                                                       

     C.to live a life with complete freedom D.to live a life of vice 

38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.

A.current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B.there are many factors influencing our decisions

C.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevity

D.people are usually influenced by the behavior. of their friends 

39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.

A.improving the quality of one's life

B.limiting one's personal health choice

C.deliberately ending one's life

D.breaking the rules of social behavior. 

40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.

A.personal decisions        B.laws of society

C.statistical evidence           D.opinions of friends 

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an　election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a　flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.

There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

31. News spreads fast because of____.

A.modern transportation  B.new technology  C.the change of the world  D.a peace agreement 

32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.

A.fast communication   B.modern technology   C.latest news   D.new ideas 

33. Which of the following statements is true?

A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.

B.The world is actually smaller today.

C.The world is changing its size.

D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 

34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.

A.by telephone and telegraph   B.by land   C.by air   D.by sea 

35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.

A.by both sides   B.in time    C.in America    D.in England 

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

Over vast areas of every continent,the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life are disappearing.Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert or desertlike.About 628 million people—one out of seven—live in these dry regions.In the past,they have managed to survive,but with difficulty.[ZZ(Z]Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts. Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert,but there have been many ideas for saving the land.Sandi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas.The Israelis are aga in using some of the water collection systems left by the ancient people in the　Negev desert.They plan to water their orchards with the extra water.Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land,but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat.

26. What is the article mainly concerned?

A.The problem of spreading desert.

B.The rainfall and vegetation in desert areas.

C.The water collection systems.

D.The difference between modern life and ancient life. 

27. “one out of seven” refers to____.

A.more than a third of the lands' earth

B.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like

C.the number of people who live in dry regions

D.a day of a week 

28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.

A.the Sahel farm land

B.the farmers

C.the cattles

D.the trees 

29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?

A.Five.    B.Two.   C.Four.       D.Three. 

30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.

B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.

C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.

D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.

  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a seco nd,if they were controlled by clock.

The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body—no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.

The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.

Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light—if they give much light—is too small for us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.

21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.

A.were regular         B.were controlled by a clock

C.were heard in 1967 only     D.were secret messages 

22. The radio singals were sent by____.

A.a satellite    

   B.a planet

C.a sky body which was unknown at that time

D.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time 

23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.

A.the singals stood for secret messages

B.people would ask them too many questions

C.they did not want to frighten people

D.they stood for unimportant messages

 24. A pulsar is____.

A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen 

B. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen 

C. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

D. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen

25. Which of the following is true?

A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.

B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.

C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.

D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967.

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   颐和园(the Summer Palace)位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观(cultural landscape),因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产(the World Heritage Sites)目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   文化节是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在海外被越来越多的人所认识。在文化节上，精彩的民间歌舞和美味的当地食品，是最吸引人的部分。事实证明，这是促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之间的交流的最有效的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面，还扩大到了经济和其他领域。

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔;汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨;有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用;砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始;有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙;常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。

   请将以下这段话翻译成英文：

   秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。