How does the professor remind students of the cruelness of animal experimentation？A．He giv

experimentation is scientific fraud? I am an animal lover. Although I have never personally performed vivisection or experimented on animals, I have many friends and former colleagues who have done so. Almost every single one of these people feel an enormous burden and responsibility to see that the animals suffer as little as possible and that no animal in an experiment loses its life for nothing. Scientists for the most part are not in it for the money or the fame, both of which most scientists NEVER see much of, by the way. They want to help make the world a little better while exercising their innate curiosity. For you to demonize the many scientists who experiment while trying to find cures for diseases is really unfortunate and demonstrates that you are terribly uninformed. Am I saying that human life is more important than animal life? I am not. Animal experimentation is also performed on animals for the betterment of animal health. Am I saying that all animal experimentation is necessary? Absolutely not. Some of it is very likely a sad waste of animal lives and the cause of needless suffering, and certainly a waste of limited research funding. Am I saying that some of this work has saved human lives? Absolutely. Satan Jr.s example (insulin) is one such case. As an animal lover, I will be most pleased when the use of animals in science is no longer performed. Do you really want to help make animal experimentation a memory? Then become a scientist and develop alternative disease models and non-animal based remedies and then make your research widely available to other scientists. If you had really done your homework and focused on something beyond your anger and hatred, you would, see that many scientists have already done just this. You can also donate time and/or money to organizations that support the development of alternatives to animal testing. Science, like so many other fields, is slow to evolve. It will take time. The great advances in science that have given us the high standard of medical care humans and animals enjoy today have come from clinical observation, in vitro research, epidemiology, autopsies, serendipity, computer and mathematical modeling, technology, tissue research using the tissue from the species being studied, molecular biology and genetics, post-marketing drug surveillance, the basic sciences of maths, chemistry and physics and the specialization of medical care, including the specialization of physicians and veterinarians. The animal experimentation lobby, however, spends millions annually to convince the public that all medical advances are directly due to animal experiments. Furthermore, animals are not able to communicate about any side effects they may be experiencing. At least half of the side effects experienced by most drugs cannot be accurately communicated by animals. In April 1998, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on a study which showed that more than 2 million Americans become seriously ill every year because of toxic reactions to correctly prescribed medicine and 106000 die from those reactions, making drug side effects the sixth most common cause of death in this country! Legal drugs kill more people per year than all illegal drugs combined. People expect me and want me to argue against vivisection on a purely scientific basis. I can do that. However, I cannot and will not forgo the ethical argument. For when all is said and done, I believe that research on animals is ethically wrong, and that nothing "good" can ever come out of something so morally debased. I often cite the hypothermia experiments done on Jews in the concentration camps during World War Ⅱ. This experimentation on helpless, non-consenting humans who suffered and died as a result of these experiments actually taught scientists a great deal about treating hypothermia in humans. But was it right? I would argue that it was absolutely wrong, no matter how much useful information we garnered.Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

What aspect of animal experimentation does the professor mainly discuss?

A．How harmful it is to animal protection.

B．How useless it is for the medical care.

C．How its development differs from that of others,

D．How it develops from an early ag

According to the professor, what is the basic philosophical foundation of the nation?

A．John Locke"s three concepts.

B．Voltaire"s first Amendment.

C．Montesquieu"s Constitution.

D．Machiavelli and Hobb

According to the passage, it can be concluded from the passage that Motavalli

A．is not a proper figure to write about clean cars

B．treats automaking and environment with biased views

C．takes consumer demand into serious consideration

D．shows his change of attitude towards automobiles

nning sentence of the passage?

A．The author intends to discuss the issue of global warming with top government leaders.

B．The author lays stress on the research of the climate of the earth.

C．The author attaches paramount importance to the protection of the earth"s environment.

D．The author considers the relation between automating and environmental pollution.

kers have done for the environment?

A．They have tried to produce clean cars.

B．They have worked with the researchers.

C．They have reduced the harmful gas.

D．They have enhanced the auto technology.

The word other in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.

A．areas such as Peru and Brazil

B．Argentina and Brazil

C．Brazil, Chile, and other areas

D．Argentina and Peru

destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and it is considerably farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from other major tourist markets, such as Mexico. Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher. Similar to all the other South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than U.S. $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5000 km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vinadel Mar are generally clean and unspoiled and have a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. (A)Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. (B)While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the U.S. and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. (C)Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. (D)Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexican and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism potential. The government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.

The word reckon in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．realize

B．transform

C．activate

D．consider

on 2 answers.

A．A reduction in overall labor.

B．Reduced exportation costs.

C．Sharing the results of production.

D．A rise in overall production.

Indicate which of the following statements corresponds to either category of advantage. Click in the correct box for each statement.

What is a possible outcome of a student auditing a course? Click on 2 answers.

A．The student"s grades might suffer in other classes.

B．The student will participate too much in class.

C．The student might not complete an honors thesis.

D．The student will be less motivated than registered students.