The text is mainly about________
[A] the contributions of two scientists to psychological studies of language.
[B] the psychological studies on language learning in the 1950s.
[C] Carroll's studies on the hypothesis put forward by Penfield.
[D] the influence of language learning on psychological studies.
第1题
Text 2
A psychological issue that began to be discussed in the 1950s was the question of the most appropriate age for second language learning. The ability of young children to learn language " easily" had, from time to time, been noted in psychological literature. But in the 1950s it was the view of Penfield, a medical doctor at McGill University in Montreal, which aroused widespread attention. Partly on the basis of his scientific work as a surgeon and partly on his personal conviction, Penfield put forward the idea that childhood years offered a biological favorable stage for second language learning, and he recommended that the childhood years should be used more intensively for language training. This viewpoint, shared by a growing number of teachers, specialists, and the general public, demonstrated itself in the introduction of language teaching in the early years of schooling in several countries. The debate on this controversial issue has gone on ever since,and in spite of experimentation, some research, and endless theoretical argumentation, the issue of the best age for language learning has remained unresolved even many years after Penfield's challenge had opened up the debate.
The need for a more systematic psychological research on language learning was fully recognized and clearly expressed by Carroll in the 1950s: " We are fundamentally ignorant of the psychology of language learning. " Carrol believed that educational psychology might provide helpful answers to pedagogy ( the study of teaching methods) by carrying out research on specific ques-tions of language learning,for example: "Should sounds and meanings be presented at the same time or one after the other?" "Can meanings be presented just as well by verbal definitions as by pictures and concrete materials?" " How can the transfer from speaking and understanding to reading be facilitated?" "Under what conditions does the use of native language delay or facilitate learn-ing?" " When do linguistic explanations facilitate learning?" " At what rate can new materials be in-troduced?"Following up these and similar questions, Carroll and some of his students began to in- vestigate a few of them . One of the most notable inquiries of that time was Carroll's own attempt, in collaboration with a professor of Spanish, to develop a new language aptitude test. Around the same time, studies on the social psychology of language learning were initiated by another professor and his students at McGill University in Montreal. From about 1960, in the context of emerging followers of psycholinguistics, there was a growing interest in studying second language learning
from a psychological perspective.
46. Penfield's viewpoint was met with much_________
[A] interest.
[B] controversy.
[C] compliments.
[D] encouragement.
第2题
According to Charles Muscatine, most universities in the U. S.__________
[A] place less emphasis on technology.
[B] are ready to make informed moral decisions.
[C] attend to society's need for technology.
[D] are the right places for students with high moral standards.
第3题
[A] at best
[B] at least
[C] at most
[D] at worst
第4题
1n which sector is little job growth seen?
[A] Restaurants and hotels.
[B] Manufacturing.
[C] Health care and hospitals.
[D] Business services.
第5题
partment's report on job increase. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. What happened to the U. S. job market?
[A] There was a huge increase in new jobs lately.
[B ] About 75,000 new jobs were created last month.
[C] Some 300,000 new workers were employed last year.
[D] There was a growth of new jobs in the past six years.
第6题
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Whether or not to have a nucleus is important in biology.
[B ] The speaker will tell us how to distinguish bacteria tomorrow.
[ C] Evolution will be the main topic of the program next time.
[ D] Eukaryotes develop from prokaryotes.
第8题
[A] fired
[B] glowed
[C] manipulated
[D] bestowed
第9题
According to the passage, why does the cancer increase?
[A] Because people expose too much to the computer.
[B] Because people don't care about the low levels of radiation.
[C] Because the cells are killed by radiation.
[D] Because the cells produce themselves in an unusual way.
第10题
ions 17-20.
17. Why does the speaker say that radiation is similar to radio waves?
[A] Because both of them can be detected by human senses.
[B] Because both of them can be sensed by a radio receiver.
[C] Because both of them are harmful.
[D] Because both of them can only be detected by devices.
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